Table 2.
Baseline characteristics: patients with diabetes not receiving insulin and patients with diabetes receiving insulin
| Characteristic | Patients with diabetes not receiving insulin (n = 244, 59%) | Patients with diabetes receiving insulin (n = 172, 41%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics, diabetes type, and MI type | |||
| Age at MI | 46.0 (42.0–48.0) | 45 (41.5–48.0) | 0.29 |
| Female | 41 (16.8) | 55 (32.0) | <0.001 |
| White | 160 (65.6) | 112 (65.1) | 0.92 |
| Income (thousands of dollars) | 64.2 (50.9–78.2) | 61.4 (50.7–80.3) | 0.29 |
| Insurance | 191 (88.4) | 137 (92.6) | 0.19 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 0 (0) | 39 (23.2) | <0.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 244 (100) | 129 (76.8) | <0.001 |
| ST-elevation MI | 137 (56.1) | 75 (43.6) | 0.012 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Hypertension | 165 (69.3) | 111 (64.5) | 0.31 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 231 (94.7) | 156 (90.7) | 0.12 |
| Obesity | 135 (55.3) | 92 (53.5) | 0.71 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.7 (28.6–36.6) | 32.9 (27.5–36.6) | 0.62 |
| Current smoker | 133 (56.1) | 70 (41.2) | 0.003 |
| Alcohol use | 34 (14.4) | 17 (10.1) | 0.19 |
| Substance use | 20 (8.4) | 13 (7.6) | 0.77 |
| PVD | 5 (2.1) | 10 (5.8) | 0.049 |
| Premature CAD in first-degree relative | 64 (26.2) | 38 (22.1) | 0.33 |
| Angina | 212 (89.1) | 142 (84.0) | 0.14 |
| ASCVD score | 10.6 (6.9–17.3) | 8.2 (4.7–14.3) | <0.001 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2 (2–3)** | 2 (2–3) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory values | |||
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 8.6 (7.1–10.6) | 9.7 (8.0–11.6) | 0.003 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol) | 70 (54–92) | 83 (64–103) | |
| Normalized troponin | 36.3 (9.0–164.3) | 29.8 (7.0–148.3) | 0.32 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.7) | 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 82.6 (25.1) | 72.4 (28.1) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 198.5 (73.1) | 202.7 (100.8) | 0.65 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 114.7 (43.5) | 121.2 (89.7) | 0.36 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 33.8 (8.2) | 35.8 (10.8) | 0.045 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 193.0 (128.0–346.0) | 171.0 (121.0–301.5) | 0.53 |
| In-hospital cardiac procedures and length of stay | |||
| Coronary angiography performed | 225 (92.2) | 158 (91.9) | 0.90 |
| Revascularization performed | 199 (81.6) | 132 (76.7) | 0.23 |
| PCI | 169 (69.3) | 108 (62.8) | 0.17 |
| CABG | 32 (13.1) | 27 (15.7) | 0.46 |
| Length of stay (days) | 4.0 (2.0 6.0) | 5.0 (3.0–9.5) | 0.006 |
Data are n (%), median (IQR), and mean (SD). ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.
**
Lower of the two.