Table 1.
Overview of the results collected through the EC Questionnaire (SANCO/WT/jd/2014/2646653)
| Legal situation on feeding waste milk to calves | Destination of waste milk when not fed to animals | Waste milk fed only to male calves | Waste milk fed to male and female calves | Prophylactic antimicrobial treatment during dry period | Antimicrobial treatment after diagnosis in dry period | Antimicrobial treatment during lactation | Comments | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (% of farms) | (% of farms) | % of farms | % of cows | % of farms | % of cows | % of cows | ||||
| AT | Restricted in national regulation (see comment) |
|
No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | Milk from a treated cow can be fed to its suckling off‐spring | ||
| BE | No specific legislation but administration recommendations | Mainly in manure and spread on land | (See comment) | (See comment) | No data | No data | No data | Illegal in BE but no active control | ||
| BG | No specific legislation | Burial on farm | Not done | Not done | Not done | Not done | Not done | – | ||
| CY | No specific legislation |
|
100 | – | 95–97 | – | 40 | – | 2–4 | – |
| CZ | No information | Not specified | No data | No data | – | 46 (see comment) | No data | 90 | Unclear if this is blanket dry cow therapy or selective dry cow therapy | |
| DE | No information released from questionnaire | No information released from questionnaire | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| DK | No specific legislation | Mainly in manure or in water routes on the farm | – | 25 (see comment) | 0 | – | No data | ≈ 33 | Not specified if to male or female calves | |
| EE | No specific legislation | Mainly in manure and spread on land | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | – | ||
| EL | No information released from questionnaire | No information released from questionnaire | – | – | – | – | – | – | v | – |
| ES | No specific legislation | Not specified | 100 | 96–99 | 70 | 20 | – | |||
| FI | No speci'fic legislation but industry recommendations | Mainly in manure and spread on land | – | 100 (see comment) | 0 | – | – | 22 | 35–38 | During withdrawal period but not during treatment. Never after fluoroquinolone treatment. After treatment with β‐lactamase. milk from cows treated with benzylpenicillin can be used |
| FR | No specific legislation but administration recommendations through a Guide of good hygiene and production practices in the dairy industry | Most frequent is spreading on land, but also composting and for biogas production | – | Common practice | – | 0 | – | 44 | 14 | – |
| HR | No specific legislation | Mainly in manure and spread on land | – | 40 (see comment) | 19 (see comment) | – | 9 (see comment) | – | 25 (see comment) | Based on a survey of 35% dairy farms |
| HU | No specific legislation but general provisions | Mainly in manure and spread on land | 100 | – | 100 | – | 100 | – | 25–30 | – |
| IE | No specific legislation | According to European ABP Regulations | No data | No data | Very high (see comment) | – | No data | – | Prophylactic antimicrobial treatment during the dry period is high according to a study performed in 2010 (data on sales of dry cow intramammary tubes) | |
| IT | No specific legislation but administrative Guidelines by one regional authority (Lazio) |
|
– | 4–100 (see comment) | 10–100 (see comment) | – | 0–70 (see comment) | – | 5–70 (see comment) | Region dependent |
| LT | No specific legislation | Mainly in manure | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | – | ||
| LU | No specific legislation | Mainly in manure and spread on land | – | ≈ 80 | ≈ 80 | – | ≈ 15 | – | ≈ 15 | – |
| LV | No specific legislation | Not specified | – | Not forbidden | No data | No data | No data | – | ||
| MT | No specific legislation but administrative Guidance through inspections and seminars | Mainly in special manure to discard/destroy and/or spread on land | – | 60–70 | 90 | – | 90 | – | 70–80 | – |
| NL | No specific legislation but industry recommendations (see comment) | Mainly in manure and spread on land | – | 15 | 0 | – | 70 | 60 | Low | Not allowed during withdrawal period |
| PL | No specific legislation but administrative Guide of good hygiene and production practices in the dairy industry | According to Regulation (EC) 1069/2009a as animal by product, Cat.1 or 2 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | – | ||
| PT | No information released from questionnaire | No information released from questionnaire | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| RO | No information released from questionnaire | No information released from questionnaire | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| SE | No specific legislation but industry recommendations | No data, probably in the manure tank | (See comment) | – | 0 | – | – | 26 | 18 | Of 457 farms (8.6% Swedish farms): 89–85% fed milk from cows treated during dry period; 56% milk from cows during treatment in lactation; 79% during withdrawal period |
| SI | No specific legislation | Mainly mixed in manure and spread on land | – | Common practice | No data | No data | No data | – | ||
| SK | No specific legislation | Mainly mixed in manure and spread on land | – | 11 | 68 | – | 31 | – | 21 | – |
| UK | No specific legislation | Mainly mixed in manure and spread on land | – | 83 (see comment) | 96 (see comment) | – | No data | – | 28 (see comment) | From Brunton et al., 2012. |
The data included in the Table are extracted from the original answers provided by the MSs to the EC, without any interpretation. Four MS (DE, EL, PT and RO) did not provide responses to the Questionnaire. –: no information provided by the MS.
AT: Austria; BE: Belgium; BG: Bulgaria; CY: Cyprus; CZ: the Czech Republic; DE: Germany; DK: Denmark; EE: Estonia; EL: Greece; ES: Spain; FI: Finland; FR: France; HR: Croatia; HU: Hungary; IE: Ireland; IT: Italy; LT: Lithuania; LU: Luxembourg; LV: Latvia; MT: Malta; NL: the Netherlands; PL: Poland; PT: Portugal; RO: Romania; SE: Sweden; SI: Slovenia; SK: Slovakia; UK: the United Kingdom.
Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 laying down health rules as regards animal by‐products and derived products not intended for human consumption and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 (Animal by‐products Regulation). OJ L 300, 14.11.2009, p. 1–33.