Table 4.
β‐Lactam antimicrobials in waste milk samples from 103 farms in England and Wales
| Waste milk results type for antimicrobials detected | Antimicrobial detected (μg/kg) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMX | AMP | CLX | PEN‐G | LEX | CFL | HAP | CFQ | |
| Number waste milks positive | 7 | 0 | 4 | 33 | 6 | 8 | 3 | 22 |
| Mean conc. waste milks > LOD | 258 | NA | 80 | 371 | 132 | 98 | 882 | 1433 |
| Median conc. waste milks > LOD | 18 | NA | 43 | 120 | 25 | 26 | 140 | 985 |
| Mean conc. all waste milks | 18 | NA | 3 | 119 | 8 | 8 | 26 | 306 |
| Median conc. all waste milks | < LOD | NA | < LOD | < LOD | < LOD | < LOD | < LOD | < LOD |
| Maximum conc. | 1300 | NA | 230 | 2500 | 660 | 580 | 2500 | 4600 |
| Minimum conc. > LOD | 5 | NA | 4 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 6 |
| 95% of samples at/below conc. | 6 | 4 | 4 | 700 | 4 | 18 | 4 | 2200 |
| Detection limit | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| No. addeda | 14 | 3 | 8 | 45 | 13 | 8 | 3 | 34 |
| Unexpected positiveb | 2 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| MRL μg/kgc | 4 | 4 | 30 | 4 | 100 | 20 | 60 | 20 |
Table adapted from Randall et al. (2014).
AMX: amoxicillin; AMP: ampicillin; CLX: cloxacillin; PEN‐G: penicillin G; LEX: cefalexin (1st generation cephalosporin); CFL: cefalonium (1st generation cephalosporin); HAP: cefapirin (1st generation cephalosporin); CFQ: cefquinome (4th generation cephalosporin); conc.: concentration; LOD: limit of detection; NA: not applicable.
No. added refers to the number of farms that reported adding stated antimicrobial to the waste milk tank via milk from treated cows.
Unexpected positives are where the sample was positive for stated antimicrobial but the farmer had not reported in a voluntary survey the recent use of the stated antimicrobial for cows contributing to waste milk. This does not relate to non‐compliance with farm recording obligations.
MRL: Maximum residue limit in milk (Commission Regulation (EU) No 37/20103).