Skip to main content
. 2020 Jun 20;12(6):e8712. doi: 10.7759/cureus.8712

Table 4. Discharging laboratory investigations of study subjects and their correlation with disease severity.

Descriptive statistics are presented as Mean ± standard deviation and Median (interquartile range) respectively. Categorical data is presented as n (%), where n = no. of subjects/total no. of subjects. * indicates independent sample t-test, ** indicates Chi-square test. ^ indicates Mann-Whitney U-test, ” indicates Fisher’s exact test.

MCV: Mean corpuscular volume; TLC: Total leukocyte counts; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LCR: Lymphocyte-to-C‐reactive protein ratio; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; CRP: C-reactive protein; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; BNP: B-type natriuretic peptide.

# Laboratory investigation Ward (n = 67) ICU (n = 33) p-value Recovery (n = 78) Death (n = 22) p-value
1 Hemoglobin 12.21 ± 2.36 11.42 ± 2.20 0.208* 11.79 ± 2.41 11.72 ± 2.10 0.918*
11.90 (10.92-14.12) 11.00 (9.90-12.80) 0.194^ 11.45 (9.92-13.45) 11.40 (10.20-13.90) 0.951^
2 MCV 85.50 ± 9.20 81.51 ± 10.50 0.147* 82.69 ± 9.29 84.31 ± 11.59 0.575*
86.00 (82.00-90.00) 80.00 (75.00-90.00) 0.079^ 84.00 (78.00-87.75) 83.00 (77.00-92.00) 0.620^
3 TLC 9.38 ± 4.09 14.87 ± 7.69 0.001* 9.62 ± 3.99 17.87 ± 8.04 <0.001*
9.30 (5.95-11.50) 13.60 (9.30-19.60) 0.004^ 9.40 (6.15-11.90) 15.30 (13.40-23.20) <0.001^
>11 x 109/L n = 7/25 (28.0%) n = 21/31 (67.8%) 0.006” n = 12/37 (32.4%) n = 16/19 (84.2%) <0.001”
4-11 x 109/L n = 17/25 (68.0%) n = 9/31 (29.0%) n = 24/37 (64.9%) n = 2/19 (10.5%)
<4 x 109/L n = 1/25 (4.0%) n = 1/31 (3.2%) n = 1/37 (2.7%) n = 1/19 (5.3%)
4 Platelet 298.29 ± 121.72 278.90 ± 172.01 0.641* 307.86 ± 133.36 248.52 ± 177.51 0.168*
284.00 (179.00-406.25) 224.00 (154.00-397.00) 0.245^ 272.00 (213.50-412.50) 171.50 (131.00-346.00) 0.045^
>400 x 109/L n = 7/24 (29.2%) n = 7/31 (22.6%) 0.189” n = 11/36 (30.6%) n = 3/19 (15.8%) 0.004”
150-400 n = 16/24 (66.7%) n = 17/31 (54.8%) n = 24/36 (66.7%) n = 9/19 (47.4%)
<150 x 109/L n = 1/24 (4.2%) n = 7/31 (22.6%) n = 1/36 (2.8%) n = 7/19 (36.8%)
5 Neutrophil 68.83 ± 11.91 82.22 ± 10.66 <0.001* 70.66 ± 12.05 87.21 ± 5.84 <0.001*
71.00 (61.25-76.75) 85.00 (76.00-92.00) <0.001^ 72.00 (62.25-79.25) 88.00 (83.00-92.00) <0.001^
>75% n = 7/24 (29.2%) n = 24/31 (77.4%) <0.001** n = 12/36 (33.3%) n = 19/19 (100.0%) <0.001**
6 Lymphocyte 20.75 ± 10.55 10.51 ± 7.92 <0.001* 19.00 ± 10.46 7.36 ± 4.41 <0.001*
20.50 (11.50-27.50) 8.00 (4.00-15.00) <0.001^ 17.00 (11.25-25.75) 7.00 (4.00-10.00) <0.001^
<20% n = 12/24 (50.0%) n = 27/31 (87.1%) 0.003** n = 20/36 (55.6%) n = 19/19 (100.0%) 0.001**
7 Monocyte 8.33 ± 3.49 5.19 ± 2.77 0.001* 7.86 ± 3.25 4.10 ± 2.35 <0.001*
8.00 (6.00-10.75) 5.00 (3.00-7.00) 0.001^ 8.00 (6.00-9.75) 4.00 (3.00-5.00) <0.001^
8 Eosinophil 1.50 ± 1.38 1.29 ± 1.67 0.622* 1.72 ± 1.64 0.73 ± 1.09 0.011*
1.50 (0.00-2.75) 1.00 (0.00-2.00) 0.356^ 1.00 (0.00-3.00) 0.00 (0.00-2.00) 0.022^
9 Basophil 0.16 ± 0.38 0.12 ± 0.34 0.701* 0.19 ± 0.40 0.05 ± 0.22 0.162*
0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.697^ 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.00 (0.00-0.00) 0.160^
10 NLR 4.87 ± 3.78 14.74 ± 12.32 <0.001* 6.97 ± 8.81 17.00 ± 11.14 0.002*
3.63 (2.24-6.85) 10.87 (5.20-22.50) <0.001^ 4.34 (2.39-6.93) 12.85 (8.50-22.75) <0.001^
<3 n = 9/24 (37.5%) n = 3/31 (9.7%) 0.001** n = 12/36 (33.3%) n = 0/19 (0.0%) <0.001”
3-9 n = 13/24 (54.2%) n = 11/31 (35.5%) n = 19/36 (52.8%) n = 5/19 (26.3%)
>9 n = 2/24 (8.3%) n = 17/31 (54.8%) n = 5/36 (13.9%) n = 14/19 (73.7%)
11 LMR 3.90 ± 6.20 2.60 ± 3.16 0.319* 3.37 ± 5.14 2.79 ± 3.94 0.672*
2.66 (2.00-3.87) 1.66 (0.83-3.50) 0.140^ 2.44 (1.75-3.66) 1.60 (0.80-3.75) 0.144^
12 PLR 212.68 ± 196.08 398.95 ± 564.84 0.129* 305.63 ± 466.06 340.48 ± 428.64 0.788*
153.88 (120.02-226.14) 186.40 (109.89-334.48) 0.359^ 155.01 (125.18-291.45) 186.40 (107.75-238.82) 0.986^
13 LCR 3598.54 ± 8414.28 928.25 ± 1755.74 0.094* 2710.88 ± 6477.16 503.16 ± 767.69 0.148*
1106.21 (273.85-2971.42) 201.76 (91.74-760.28) 0.021^ 623.97 (259.31-2380.00) 194.03 (91.74-598.47) 0.022^
14 Urea 40.65 ± 38.80 117.46 ± 86.51 <0.001* 38.87 ± 27.22 166.75 ± 76.56 <0.001*
28.40 (20.44-40.92) 106.25 (31.99-168.04) <0.001^ 28.99 (24.07-40.92) 151.30 (122.72-201.42) <0.001^
>49 mg/dL n = 5/24 (20.8%) n = 22/32 (68.8%) <0.001** n = 8/36 (22.2%) n = 19/20 (95.0%) <0.001**
15 Creatinine 1.15 ± 1.04 2.64 ± 2.53 0.004* 1.08 ± 1.00 3.65 ± 2.66 <0.001*
0.86 (0.76-1.04) 1.60 (0.87-3.60) 0.002^ 0.87 (0.76-1.04) 3.05 (1.60-4.98) <0.001^
>1.3 mg/dL n = 2/24 (8.3%) n = 18/32 (56.3%) <0.001** n = 3/36 (8.3%) n = 17/20 (85.0%) <0.001**
16 Sodium 137.75 ± 5.69 144.61 ± 12.05 0.008* 136.28 ± 3.26 150.95 ± 11.79 <0.001*
137.00 (135.00-139.75) 141.00 (136.00-151.00) 0.048^ 136.00 (134.00-138.00) 150.50 (143.50-157.00) <0.001^
17 Potassium 4.04 ± 0.67 4.61 ± 1.26 0.035* 4.03 ± 0.70 4.95 ± 1.36 0.009*
4.05 (3.55-4.47) 4.50 (3.60-5.50) 0.082^ 4.10 (3.50-4.50) 5.10 (3.70-5.65) 0.008^
18 Chloride 101.41 ± 5.93 104.32 ± 11.26 0.257* 99.11 ± 5.53 109.95 ± 10.74 <0.001*
103.00 (97.25-105.75) 102.00 (98.00-111.00) 0.586^ 99.00 (97.00-103.00) 109.50 (102.25-115.50) <0.001^
19 Bicarbonate 21.29 ± 3.34 20.41 ± 7.09 0.581* 22.51 ± 4.93 17.80 ± 5.92 0.005*
20.00 (19.25-23.00) 19.00 (15.00-24.00) 0.233^ 22.00 (19.00-24.00) 18.50 (14.25-20.00) 0.002^
<16 mEq/L n = 1/24 (4.2%) n = 9/31 (29.0%) 0.031” n = 2/35 (5.7%) n = 8/20 (40.0%) 0.003”
20 Total bilirubin 0.44 ± 0.56 1.33 ± 0.51 0.094* 0.79 ± 0.68 1.08 ± 0.40 0.617*
0.43 (0.40-0.47) 1.37 (0.80-1.59) 0.050^ 0.47 (0.40-1.49) 1.08 (0.80-1.37) 0.355^
>1.0 mg/dL n = 0/3 (0.0%) n = 2/3 (66.7%) 0.400” n = 1/4 (25.0%) n = 1/2 (50.0%) 1.000”
21 Direct bilirubin 0.28 ± 0.30 0.72 ± 0.35 0.099* 0.43 ± 0.30 0.64 ± 0.45 0.530*
0.28 (0.26-0.30) 0.89 (0.60-0.93) 0.077^ 0.30 (0.26-0.74) 0.64 (0.32-0.97) 0.240^
>0.3 mg/dL n = 1/3 (33.3%) n = 3/3 (100.0%) 0.400” n = 2/4 (50.0%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 0.467”
22 Indirect bilirubin 0.16 ± 0.02 0.60 ± 0.28 0.055* 0.35 ± 0.38 0.44 ± 0.05 0.778*
0.15 (0.14-0.17) 0.48 (0.40-0.70) 0.050^ 0.17 (0.14-0.74) 0.44 (0.40-0.48) 0.355^
>0.8 mg/dL n = 1/3 (33.3%) n = 1/3 (33.3%) 1.000” n = 1/4 (25.0%) n = 0/2 (0.0%) 1.000”
23 ALT 46.33 ± 22.94 150.00 ± 156.61 0.320* 116.25 ± 141.08 62.00 ± 50.91 0.642*
57.00 (38.50-59.50) 98.00 (26.00-212.00) 0.275^ 59.50 (29.25-260.00) 62.00 (26.00-98.00) 1.000^
>45 IU/L n = 2/3 (66.7%) n = 2/3 (66.7%) 1.000” n = 3/4 (75.0%) n = 1/2 (50.0%) 1.000”
24 AST 41.33 ± 20.42 131.33 ± 95.97 0.187* 48.75 ± 22.32 161.50 ± 113.84 0.096*
50.00 (34.00-53.00) 81.00 (71.00-161.50) 0.050^ 53.00 (26.00-67.25) 161.50 (81.00-242.00) 0.064^
>45 IU/L n = 2/3 (66.7%) n = 3/3 (100.0%) 1.000” n = 3/4 (75.0%) n = 2/20 (100.0%) 1.000”
25 γGT 47.00 ± 33.00 89.33 ± 42.19 0.243* 69.75 ± 52.87 65.00 ± 2.82 0.910*
47.00 (14.00-63.50) 67.00 (63.00-102.50) 0.275^ 63.50 (22.25-123.50) 65.00 (63.00-67.00) 1.000^
>55 IU/L n = 1/3 (33.0%) n = 3/3 (100.0%) 0.400” n = 2/4 (50.0%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 0.467”
26 ALP 152.00 ± 89.11 115.33 ± 11.01 0.518* 141.50 ± 75.72 118.00 ± 14.14 0.702*
181.00 (52.00-202.00) 110.00 (108.00-119.00) 0.513^ 145.50 (66.50-212.50) 118.00 (108.00-128.00) 0.643^
>135 IU/L n = 2/3 (66.7%) n = 0/3 (0.0%) 0.400” n = 2/4 (50.0%) n = 0/2 (0.0%) 0.467”
27 CRP 38.01 ± 42.18 65.54 ± 69.04 0.133* 45.88 ± 51.05 70.50 ± 74.26 0.175*
22.20 (6.50-57.85) 42.40 (14.10-92.90) 0.138^ 25.60 (8.15-67.60) 42.50 (22.60-110.50) 0.107^
>10.0 mg/dL n = 12/18 (66.7%) n = 25/31 (80.6%) 0.316” n = 20/30 (66.7%) n = 17/19 (89.5%) 0.095”
28 LDH 391.00 ± 79.18 704.71 ± 413.76 0.243* 500.25 ± 241.48 1052.00 ± 592.55 0.053*
360.00 (332.00-420.50) 633.00 (337.00-995.00) 0.210^ 420.50 (333.25-632.25) 1052.00 (633.00-1471.00) 0.117^
>250 U/L n = 3/3 (100.0%) n = 7/7 (100.0%) 1.000” n = 8/8 (100.0%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 1.000”
29 Ferritin 865.70 ± 985.07 1737.47 ± 371.26 0.334* 865.70 ± 985.07 1737.47 ± 371.26 0.334*
372.00 (225.11-1186.00) 1737.47 (1474.95-2000.00) 0.374^ 372.00 (225.11-1186.00) 1737.47 (1474.94-2000.00) 0.374^
>250 ng/mL (males) >120 ng/mL (females) n = 2/3 (66.7%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 1.000” n = 2/3 (66.7%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 1.000”
30 Procalcitonin 0.05 ± 0.04 6.84 ± 17.41 0.599* 11.44 ± 26.97 3.10 ± 6.48 0.334*
0.05 (0.02-0.08) 0.52 (0.16-3.54) 0.086^ 0.21 (0.02-17.88) 0.52 (0.08-3.54) 0.481^
>0.5 ng/mL n = 0/2 (0.0%) n = 8/15 (53.3%) 0.471” n = 2/6 (33.3%) n = 6/11 (54.5%) 0.620”
31 D-dimer 3.14 ± 3.76 1.98 ± 0.53 0.708* 1.98 ± 0.53 3.14 ± 3.76 0.708*
3.14 (0.48-5.81) 1.98 (1.61-2.36) 1.000^ 1.98 (1.61-2.36) 3.14 (0.48-5.81) 0.100^
>0.5 mcg/mL n = 1/2 (50.0%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 1.000” n = 2/2 (100.0%) n = 1/2 (50.0%) 1.000”
32 ESR 92.00 ± 19.79 68.50 ± 28.99 0.444* 63.00 ± 21.21 97.50 ± 12.02 0.183*
92.00 (78.00-106.00) 68.50 (48.00-89.00) 0.439^ 63.00 (48.00-78.00) 97.50 (89.00-106.00) 0.121^
>20 mm/hour n = 2/2 (100.0%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 1.000” n = 2/2 (100.0%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 1.000”
33 Trop I 95.20 ± 129.96 135.26 ± 155.70 0.757* 106.46 ± 93.94 136.52 ± 174.05 0.796*
95.20 (3.30-187.10) 104.80 (11.90-219.40) 0.739^ 129.00 (3.30-158.05) 80.60 (11.20-289.80) 0.881^
>34 pg/mL (males) >16 pg/mL (females) n = 1/2 (50.0%) n = 4/6 (66.7%) 1.000” n = 2/3 (66.7%) n = 3/5 (60.0%) 1.000”
34 Pro-BNP 7448.15 ± 6742.75 843.45 ± 228.18 0.300* 6449.05 ± 8155.69 1842.55 ± 1184.75 0.512*
7448.15 (2680.30-12216.00) 843.45 (682.10-1004.80) 0.121^ 6449.05 (682.10-12216.00) 1842.55 (1004.80-2680.30) 1.000^
>125 pg/mL n = 2/2 (100.0%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 1.000” n = 2/2 (100.0%) n = 2/2 (100.0%) 1.000”