Table 4. Discharging laboratory investigations of study subjects and their correlation with disease severity.
# | Laboratory investigation | Ward (n = 67) | ICU (n = 33) | p-value | Recovery (n = 78) | Death (n = 22) | p-value |
1 | Hemoglobin | 12.21 ± 2.36 | 11.42 ± 2.20 | 0.208* | 11.79 ± 2.41 | 11.72 ± 2.10 | 0.918* |
11.90 (10.92-14.12) | 11.00 (9.90-12.80) | 0.194^ | 11.45 (9.92-13.45) | 11.40 (10.20-13.90) | 0.951^ | ||
2 | MCV | 85.50 ± 9.20 | 81.51 ± 10.50 | 0.147* | 82.69 ± 9.29 | 84.31 ± 11.59 | 0.575* |
86.00 (82.00-90.00) | 80.00 (75.00-90.00) | 0.079^ | 84.00 (78.00-87.75) | 83.00 (77.00-92.00) | 0.620^ | ||
3 | TLC | 9.38 ± 4.09 | 14.87 ± 7.69 | 0.001* | 9.62 ± 3.99 | 17.87 ± 8.04 | <0.001* |
9.30 (5.95-11.50) | 13.60 (9.30-19.60) | 0.004^ | 9.40 (6.15-11.90) | 15.30 (13.40-23.20) | <0.001^ | ||
>11 x 109/L | n = 7/25 (28.0%) | n = 21/31 (67.8%) | 0.006” | n = 12/37 (32.4%) | n = 16/19 (84.2%) | <0.001” | |
4-11 x 109/L | n = 17/25 (68.0%) | n = 9/31 (29.0%) | n = 24/37 (64.9%) | n = 2/19 (10.5%) | |||
<4 x 109/L | n = 1/25 (4.0%) | n = 1/31 (3.2%) | n = 1/37 (2.7%) | n = 1/19 (5.3%) | |||
4 | Platelet | 298.29 ± 121.72 | 278.90 ± 172.01 | 0.641* | 307.86 ± 133.36 | 248.52 ± 177.51 | 0.168* |
284.00 (179.00-406.25) | 224.00 (154.00-397.00) | 0.245^ | 272.00 (213.50-412.50) | 171.50 (131.00-346.00) | 0.045^ | ||
>400 x 109/L | n = 7/24 (29.2%) | n = 7/31 (22.6%) | 0.189” | n = 11/36 (30.6%) | n = 3/19 (15.8%) | 0.004” | |
150-400 | n = 16/24 (66.7%) | n = 17/31 (54.8%) | n = 24/36 (66.7%) | n = 9/19 (47.4%) | |||
<150 x 109/L | n = 1/24 (4.2%) | n = 7/31 (22.6%) | n = 1/36 (2.8%) | n = 7/19 (36.8%) | |||
5 | Neutrophil | 68.83 ± 11.91 | 82.22 ± 10.66 | <0.001* | 70.66 ± 12.05 | 87.21 ± 5.84 | <0.001* |
71.00 (61.25-76.75) | 85.00 (76.00-92.00) | <0.001^ | 72.00 (62.25-79.25) | 88.00 (83.00-92.00) | <0.001^ | ||
>75% | n = 7/24 (29.2%) | n = 24/31 (77.4%) | <0.001** | n = 12/36 (33.3%) | n = 19/19 (100.0%) | <0.001** | |
6 | Lymphocyte | 20.75 ± 10.55 | 10.51 ± 7.92 | <0.001* | 19.00 ± 10.46 | 7.36 ± 4.41 | <0.001* |
20.50 (11.50-27.50) | 8.00 (4.00-15.00) | <0.001^ | 17.00 (11.25-25.75) | 7.00 (4.00-10.00) | <0.001^ | ||
<20% | n = 12/24 (50.0%) | n = 27/31 (87.1%) | 0.003** | n = 20/36 (55.6%) | n = 19/19 (100.0%) | 0.001** | |
7 | Monocyte | 8.33 ± 3.49 | 5.19 ± 2.77 | 0.001* | 7.86 ± 3.25 | 4.10 ± 2.35 | <0.001* |
8.00 (6.00-10.75) | 5.00 (3.00-7.00) | 0.001^ | 8.00 (6.00-9.75) | 4.00 (3.00-5.00) | <0.001^ | ||
8 | Eosinophil | 1.50 ± 1.38 | 1.29 ± 1.67 | 0.622* | 1.72 ± 1.64 | 0.73 ± 1.09 | 0.011* |
1.50 (0.00-2.75) | 1.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.356^ | 1.00 (0.00-3.00) | 0.00 (0.00-2.00) | 0.022^ | ||
9 | Basophil | 0.16 ± 0.38 | 0.12 ± 0.34 | 0.701* | 0.19 ± 0.40 | 0.05 ± 0.22 | 0.162* |
0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.697^ | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.00 (0.00-0.00) | 0.160^ | ||
10 | NLR | 4.87 ± 3.78 | 14.74 ± 12.32 | <0.001* | 6.97 ± 8.81 | 17.00 ± 11.14 | 0.002* |
3.63 (2.24-6.85) | 10.87 (5.20-22.50) | <0.001^ | 4.34 (2.39-6.93) | 12.85 (8.50-22.75) | <0.001^ | ||
<3 | n = 9/24 (37.5%) | n = 3/31 (9.7%) | 0.001** | n = 12/36 (33.3%) | n = 0/19 (0.0%) | <0.001” | |
3-9 | n = 13/24 (54.2%) | n = 11/31 (35.5%) | n = 19/36 (52.8%) | n = 5/19 (26.3%) | |||
>9 | n = 2/24 (8.3%) | n = 17/31 (54.8%) | n = 5/36 (13.9%) | n = 14/19 (73.7%) | |||
11 | LMR | 3.90 ± 6.20 | 2.60 ± 3.16 | 0.319* | 3.37 ± 5.14 | 2.79 ± 3.94 | 0.672* |
2.66 (2.00-3.87) | 1.66 (0.83-3.50) | 0.140^ | 2.44 (1.75-3.66) | 1.60 (0.80-3.75) | 0.144^ | ||
12 | PLR | 212.68 ± 196.08 | 398.95 ± 564.84 | 0.129* | 305.63 ± 466.06 | 340.48 ± 428.64 | 0.788* |
153.88 (120.02-226.14) | 186.40 (109.89-334.48) | 0.359^ | 155.01 (125.18-291.45) | 186.40 (107.75-238.82) | 0.986^ | ||
13 | LCR | 3598.54 ± 8414.28 | 928.25 ± 1755.74 | 0.094* | 2710.88 ± 6477.16 | 503.16 ± 767.69 | 0.148* |
1106.21 (273.85-2971.42) | 201.76 (91.74-760.28) | 0.021^ | 623.97 (259.31-2380.00) | 194.03 (91.74-598.47) | 0.022^ | ||
14 | Urea | 40.65 ± 38.80 | 117.46 ± 86.51 | <0.001* | 38.87 ± 27.22 | 166.75 ± 76.56 | <0.001* |
28.40 (20.44-40.92) | 106.25 (31.99-168.04) | <0.001^ | 28.99 (24.07-40.92) | 151.30 (122.72-201.42) | <0.001^ | ||
>49 mg/dL | n = 5/24 (20.8%) | n = 22/32 (68.8%) | <0.001** | n = 8/36 (22.2%) | n = 19/20 (95.0%) | <0.001** | |
15 | Creatinine | 1.15 ± 1.04 | 2.64 ± 2.53 | 0.004* | 1.08 ± 1.00 | 3.65 ± 2.66 | <0.001* |
0.86 (0.76-1.04) | 1.60 (0.87-3.60) | 0.002^ | 0.87 (0.76-1.04) | 3.05 (1.60-4.98) | <0.001^ | ||
>1.3 mg/dL | n = 2/24 (8.3%) | n = 18/32 (56.3%) | <0.001** | n = 3/36 (8.3%) | n = 17/20 (85.0%) | <0.001** | |
16 | Sodium | 137.75 ± 5.69 | 144.61 ± 12.05 | 0.008* | 136.28 ± 3.26 | 150.95 ± 11.79 | <0.001* |
137.00 (135.00-139.75) | 141.00 (136.00-151.00) | 0.048^ | 136.00 (134.00-138.00) | 150.50 (143.50-157.00) | <0.001^ | ||
17 | Potassium | 4.04 ± 0.67 | 4.61 ± 1.26 | 0.035* | 4.03 ± 0.70 | 4.95 ± 1.36 | 0.009* |
4.05 (3.55-4.47) | 4.50 (3.60-5.50) | 0.082^ | 4.10 (3.50-4.50) | 5.10 (3.70-5.65) | 0.008^ | ||
18 | Chloride | 101.41 ± 5.93 | 104.32 ± 11.26 | 0.257* | 99.11 ± 5.53 | 109.95 ± 10.74 | <0.001* |
103.00 (97.25-105.75) | 102.00 (98.00-111.00) | 0.586^ | 99.00 (97.00-103.00) | 109.50 (102.25-115.50) | <0.001^ | ||
19 | Bicarbonate | 21.29 ± 3.34 | 20.41 ± 7.09 | 0.581* | 22.51 ± 4.93 | 17.80 ± 5.92 | 0.005* |
20.00 (19.25-23.00) | 19.00 (15.00-24.00) | 0.233^ | 22.00 (19.00-24.00) | 18.50 (14.25-20.00) | 0.002^ | ||
<16 mEq/L | n = 1/24 (4.2%) | n = 9/31 (29.0%) | 0.031” | n = 2/35 (5.7%) | n = 8/20 (40.0%) | 0.003” | |
20 | Total bilirubin | 0.44 ± 0.56 | 1.33 ± 0.51 | 0.094* | 0.79 ± 0.68 | 1.08 ± 0.40 | 0.617* |
0.43 (0.40-0.47) | 1.37 (0.80-1.59) | 0.050^ | 0.47 (0.40-1.49) | 1.08 (0.80-1.37) | 0.355^ | ||
>1.0 mg/dL | n = 0/3 (0.0%) | n = 2/3 (66.7%) | 0.400” | n = 1/4 (25.0%) | n = 1/2 (50.0%) | 1.000” | |
21 | Direct bilirubin | 0.28 ± 0.30 | 0.72 ± 0.35 | 0.099* | 0.43 ± 0.30 | 0.64 ± 0.45 | 0.530* |
0.28 (0.26-0.30) | 0.89 (0.60-0.93) | 0.077^ | 0.30 (0.26-0.74) | 0.64 (0.32-0.97) | 0.240^ | ||
>0.3 mg/dL | n = 1/3 (33.3%) | n = 3/3 (100.0%) | 0.400” | n = 2/4 (50.0%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 0.467” | |
22 | Indirect bilirubin | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.60 ± 0.28 | 0.055* | 0.35 ± 0.38 | 0.44 ± 0.05 | 0.778* |
0.15 (0.14-0.17) | 0.48 (0.40-0.70) | 0.050^ | 0.17 (0.14-0.74) | 0.44 (0.40-0.48) | 0.355^ | ||
>0.8 mg/dL | n = 1/3 (33.3%) | n = 1/3 (33.3%) | 1.000” | n = 1/4 (25.0%) | n = 0/2 (0.0%) | 1.000” | |
23 | ALT | 46.33 ± 22.94 | 150.00 ± 156.61 | 0.320* | 116.25 ± 141.08 | 62.00 ± 50.91 | 0.642* |
57.00 (38.50-59.50) | 98.00 (26.00-212.00) | 0.275^ | 59.50 (29.25-260.00) | 62.00 (26.00-98.00) | 1.000^ | ||
>45 IU/L | n = 2/3 (66.7%) | n = 2/3 (66.7%) | 1.000” | n = 3/4 (75.0%) | n = 1/2 (50.0%) | 1.000” | |
24 | AST | 41.33 ± 20.42 | 131.33 ± 95.97 | 0.187* | 48.75 ± 22.32 | 161.50 ± 113.84 | 0.096* |
50.00 (34.00-53.00) | 81.00 (71.00-161.50) | 0.050^ | 53.00 (26.00-67.25) | 161.50 (81.00-242.00) | 0.064^ | ||
>45 IU/L | n = 2/3 (66.7%) | n = 3/3 (100.0%) | 1.000” | n = 3/4 (75.0%) | n = 2/20 (100.0%) | 1.000” | |
25 | γGT | 47.00 ± 33.00 | 89.33 ± 42.19 | 0.243* | 69.75 ± 52.87 | 65.00 ± 2.82 | 0.910* |
47.00 (14.00-63.50) | 67.00 (63.00-102.50) | 0.275^ | 63.50 (22.25-123.50) | 65.00 (63.00-67.00) | 1.000^ | ||
>55 IU/L | n = 1/3 (33.0%) | n = 3/3 (100.0%) | 0.400” | n = 2/4 (50.0%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 0.467” | |
26 | ALP | 152.00 ± 89.11 | 115.33 ± 11.01 | 0.518* | 141.50 ± 75.72 | 118.00 ± 14.14 | 0.702* |
181.00 (52.00-202.00) | 110.00 (108.00-119.00) | 0.513^ | 145.50 (66.50-212.50) | 118.00 (108.00-128.00) | 0.643^ | ||
>135 IU/L | n = 2/3 (66.7%) | n = 0/3 (0.0%) | 0.400” | n = 2/4 (50.0%) | n = 0/2 (0.0%) | 0.467” | |
27 | CRP | 38.01 ± 42.18 | 65.54 ± 69.04 | 0.133* | 45.88 ± 51.05 | 70.50 ± 74.26 | 0.175* |
22.20 (6.50-57.85) | 42.40 (14.10-92.90) | 0.138^ | 25.60 (8.15-67.60) | 42.50 (22.60-110.50) | 0.107^ | ||
>10.0 mg/dL | n = 12/18 (66.7%) | n = 25/31 (80.6%) | 0.316” | n = 20/30 (66.7%) | n = 17/19 (89.5%) | 0.095” | |
28 | LDH | 391.00 ± 79.18 | 704.71 ± 413.76 | 0.243* | 500.25 ± 241.48 | 1052.00 ± 592.55 | 0.053* |
360.00 (332.00-420.50) | 633.00 (337.00-995.00) | 0.210^ | 420.50 (333.25-632.25) | 1052.00 (633.00-1471.00) | 0.117^ | ||
>250 U/L | n = 3/3 (100.0%) | n = 7/7 (100.0%) | 1.000” | n = 8/8 (100.0%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 1.000” | |
29 | Ferritin | 865.70 ± 985.07 | 1737.47 ± 371.26 | 0.334* | 865.70 ± 985.07 | 1737.47 ± 371.26 | 0.334* |
372.00 (225.11-1186.00) | 1737.47 (1474.95-2000.00) | 0.374^ | 372.00 (225.11-1186.00) | 1737.47 (1474.94-2000.00) | 0.374^ | ||
>250 ng/mL (males) >120 ng/mL (females) | n = 2/3 (66.7%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 1.000” | n = 2/3 (66.7%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 1.000” | |
30 | Procalcitonin | 0.05 ± 0.04 | 6.84 ± 17.41 | 0.599* | 11.44 ± 26.97 | 3.10 ± 6.48 | 0.334* |
0.05 (0.02-0.08) | 0.52 (0.16-3.54) | 0.086^ | 0.21 (0.02-17.88) | 0.52 (0.08-3.54) | 0.481^ | ||
>0.5 ng/mL | n = 0/2 (0.0%) | n = 8/15 (53.3%) | 0.471” | n = 2/6 (33.3%) | n = 6/11 (54.5%) | 0.620” | |
31 | D-dimer | 3.14 ± 3.76 | 1.98 ± 0.53 | 0.708* | 1.98 ± 0.53 | 3.14 ± 3.76 | 0.708* |
3.14 (0.48-5.81) | 1.98 (1.61-2.36) | 1.000^ | 1.98 (1.61-2.36) | 3.14 (0.48-5.81) | 0.100^ | ||
>0.5 mcg/mL | n = 1/2 (50.0%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 1.000” | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | n = 1/2 (50.0%) | 1.000” | |
32 | ESR | 92.00 ± 19.79 | 68.50 ± 28.99 | 0.444* | 63.00 ± 21.21 | 97.50 ± 12.02 | 0.183* |
92.00 (78.00-106.00) | 68.50 (48.00-89.00) | 0.439^ | 63.00 (48.00-78.00) | 97.50 (89.00-106.00) | 0.121^ | ||
>20 mm/hour | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 1.000” | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 1.000” | |
33 | Trop I | 95.20 ± 129.96 | 135.26 ± 155.70 | 0.757* | 106.46 ± 93.94 | 136.52 ± 174.05 | 0.796* |
95.20 (3.30-187.10) | 104.80 (11.90-219.40) | 0.739^ | 129.00 (3.30-158.05) | 80.60 (11.20-289.80) | 0.881^ | ||
>34 pg/mL (males) >16 pg/mL (females) | n = 1/2 (50.0%) | n = 4/6 (66.7%) | 1.000” | n = 2/3 (66.7%) | n = 3/5 (60.0%) | 1.000” | |
34 | Pro-BNP | 7448.15 ± 6742.75 | 843.45 ± 228.18 | 0.300* | 6449.05 ± 8155.69 | 1842.55 ± 1184.75 | 0.512* |
7448.15 (2680.30-12216.00) | 843.45 (682.10-1004.80) | 0.121^ | 6449.05 (682.10-12216.00) | 1842.55 (1004.80-2680.30) | 1.000^ | ||
>125 pg/mL | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 1.000” | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | n = 2/2 (100.0%) | 1.000” |