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. 2020 Jul 21;221:113161. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113161

Table 2.

Technical and economic specification of the microgrid components.

Parameters Values Unit
A Economic indices[38]
Project life (n') 25 year
Inflation rate 5 %
Interest rate 13 %



B Photovoltaic module (STP275S-20/Wem)
Rated power at STC 275 W
Initial cost 2.15 $/Wp
Lifetime 25 years
Maintenance cost 20 $/year
Nominal operating cell temperature (Tnoct) 45 ± 2 °C
Temperature coefficient (Tcof) −3.7 × 10-3 1/°C
Module efficiency 16.9 %
Regulator cost 1500 $
Replacement cost 0 $/year



C Wind turbine
Lifetime 25 years
Rated power 1 kW
Initial cost 3 $/W
Cut-in speed 2.5 m/s
Cut-out speed 20 m/s
Rated speed 9.5 m/s
Regulator cost 1000 $
Blades diameter 6.4 m
Swept area 12.6 m2
Replacement cost 0 $/year
Maintenance cost 50 $/year



D Deep cycle battery
Lifetime 2 years
Nominal voltage 12 V
Hourly self-discharge rate(σ) 0.007 %/hour
Initial cost 280 $/kW h
O&M cost 5 $/%
Rated capacity 45.2 kW h
Maximum DOD 70 %
SOC- 100 %
Replacement cost 280 $/year
SOC_ 30 %
Maintenance cost 5 $/year



E Diesel generator
Initial cost 1000 $/kW h
Rated power 4 kW
Lifetime 24,000 Hours (5 years)
Replacement cost 1000 $/kW h
O&M cost 0.064 $/h
Fuel cost 0.689 $/L



F Inverter
Lifetime 15 Years
Efficiency 92 %
Initial cost 2500 $