| rpm | rotations per minute |
| Nm3 Mg−1 | normal cubic meter per megagram |
| FTIR | Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy |
| NaWaRo | NachWachsendeRohstoffe |
| L/D | length/diameter |
| SME | specific mechanical energy (kWh kg−1) |
| n | screw rotation (rpm) |
| nm | screw rating rotation (rpm) |
| O | engine load compared to maximum (%) |
| P | rated power (kW) |
| Q | process efficiency (kg h−1) |
| WAI | water absorption index (g g−1) |
| WSI | water solubility index (%) |
| ATR | Attenuated Total Reflection |
| SD | standard deviation |
| f.m. | fresh matter |
| d.m. | dry matter |
| d.o.m. | dry organic matter |
| ATR | Attenuated Total Reflection |