Table 16.

Outcome table on ‘Gas mixtures in containers’

Hazard (see Section 3.3.7.1)	Welfare consequence/s occurring to the pigs due to the hazard	Hazard origin/s	Hazard origin specification	Preventive measure/s of hazards (implementation of SOP)	Corrective measure/s of the hazards
Exposure to high CO2 concentrations	Pain, fear, respiratory distress	Staff, equipment	Lack of staff training, lack of calibration and monitoring, improper administration of gas mixture	Staff training, proper calibration of equipment and monitoring gas concentration, Ensure SOP is strictly followed	Adjust gas concentrations as required
Too short exposure time	Respiratory distress	Staff	Lack of skilled operators, lack of monitoring of exposure time	Staff training Monitor and maintain adequate exposure time	Increase the time of exposure to ensure death
Too low gas concentration	Respiratory distress	Staff, equipment	Lack of skilled operators, lack of monitoring of gas concentration, uneven distribution of the gas, incorrect method of injection, frozen equipment, weather (windy and extreme temperature), inappropriate container	Staff training appropriate gas monitoring and maintenance of required concentration containers being fit for the purpose, vaporise the gas before injection monitor temperature	Increase gas concentration and/or exposure time to ensure death
Overloading	Pain, fear	Staff	Lack of skilled operators	Staff training Do not exceed the recommended load of animals (they should lie together on the floor)	None
Too low temperature of the gas	Pain	Staff, Equipment	Lack of skilled operators, liquid delivery of gas, physical property of gas, too fast gas injection rate, injection of gas directly on animals	Staff training Ensure that vaporisation functions properly Ensure correct rate of injection Ensure animals are not in the jet stream	Optimise gas injection
Disposal of pigs while still alive	Pain, fear	Staff	Lack of monitoring, too fast operation	Ensure death by proper monitoring of signs of life before disposal	Apply a killing method
ABMs: high‐pitched vocalisations, escape attempts, head shacking, gasping (pain, fear), signs of consciousness (as a prerequisite for experiencing pain and fear and respiratory distress), signs of life (as a prerequisite to recover consciousness)