Table 4.

Novel agents paired with docetaxel in phase III clinical trials in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Agent	Mechanism	Summary of Current Data
Aflibercept	VEGF decoy receptor	Phase I study of docetaxel with aflibercept suggested no exacerbation of docetaxel-related toxicity (49) Phase III study comparing docetaxel-prednisone to placebo or aflibercept currently completed accrual (50)
Atrasentan	Endothelin antagonist (nonspecific)	Phase III study evaluating docetaxel-prednisone with either placebo or atrasentan recently completed accrual (SWOG 0421; ref. 51)
Bevacizumab	VEGF-directed monoclonal antibody	No difference in OS in a phase III assessment of docetaxel-prednisone ± bevacizumab (CALGB 90401; ref. 52)
Dasatinib	Src inhibitor	Phase I and II study of docetaxel-prednisone with dasatinib showed safety and modest antitumor activity (53) Phase III study of docetaxel-prednisone with placebo or dasatinib completed accrual (77)
Lenalidomide	Antiangiogenic-immunomodulator	Phase I trial of docetaxel-prednisone + lenalidomide showed considerable PSA declines and modest antitumor activity (54) Phase III study evaluating docetaxel-prednisone with placebo or lenalidomide accrual underway (55)
OGX-011	Clusterin inhibitor	Numerically superior OS with OGX-011 in a randomized phase II study comparing docetaxel-prednisone ± OGX-011 (56) Phase III study evaluating docetaxel-prednisone ± OGX-011 underway (57)
89Sr	Radioisotope	Phase II and III study underway comparing docetaxel-prednisone with the following: (1)89Sr, (2) zoledronicacid, (3) both, or (4) neither Initial results have highlighted no safety issues (58)
Zibotentan	Endothelin A antagonist	Numerically superior OS associated with zibotentan in a randomized phase II assessment (administered at 2 dose levels; ref. 59) Phase III study evaluating docetaxel-prednisone with placebo or zibotentan completed accrual (60)