Table 1.
Prevalence of venous thrombotic events (acute pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosis) in COVID-19 patients
| Design | VTE | Thromboprophylaxis | Age | Male sex | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICU COVID-19 patients | |||||
| Klok et al. (n = 184) | Cohort study | 28 (15.2%) | Thromboprophylaxis: 184 (100%). All patients received at least standard doses thromboprophylaxis, although regimens differed between hospitals and doses increased over time | 64 ± 12 | 76% |
| Helms et al. (n = 150) | Cohort study | 27 (18.0%) |
None: 0 (0%) Standard-dose (SD): 105 (70%) Intermediate-dose (ID): 0 (0%) Therapeutic dose (TD) or chronic therapeutic anticoagulation (CA): 45 (30%) |
63 (53–71) | 81.3% |
| Maatman et al. (n = 109) | Cohort study | 31 (28%) |
None: 0 (0%) SD: 109 (100%) ID: 0 (0%) TD or CA: 0 (0%) |
61 ± 16 | 57% |
| Poisy et al. (n = 107) | Cohort study | 22(20.6%) |
Among the 22 patients with pulmonary embolism None: 0 (0) SD: 20 (91%) ID: 0 (0%) TA or CA: 2 (9%) |
N/A | N/A |
| Cui et al. (n = 81) | Systematic screening for VTE | 20 (24.7%) |
None: 81 (100%) SD: 0 (0%) ID: 0 (0%) TD or CA: 0 (0%) |
59.9 ± 14.1 | 46% |
| Middeldorp et al. (n = 75) | Cohort study | 35 (47%) |
"Most ICU patients receiving routine thrombosis prophylaxis. Thrombosis prophylaxis was initiated in 167 (ICU + non-ICU) patients (84%) while 19 (9.6%) continued therapeutic anticoagulation" None: N/A SD: N/A IT: N/A TD or CA: 7 (9.3%) |
62 ± 10 | 77% |
| Lodigiani et al. (n = 61) | CT cohort study | 8 (16.7%) |
SD: 42 (68.8%) ID: 17 (27.9%) CT or CA: 2 (3.3%) |
61 (55–69) | 80.3% |
| Voicu et al. (n = 56) | Systematic screening for DVT | 26 (46%) |
None: 0 (0%) SD: 49 (87%) ID: 0 (0%) TD or CA: 7 (13%) |
N/A | 75% |
| Ren et al. (n = 48) | Systematic screening for DVT | 41 (85.4%) |
None: 1 (2%) SD: 41 (98%) ID: 0 (0%) TD or CA: 0 (0%) |
70 (62.5–80) | 54.2% |
| Grillet et al. (n = 39) | Chest CT cohort study | 17 (74%) | N/A | N/A | |
| Nahum et al. (n = 34) | Systematic screening for DVT | 27 (79%) | « All patients received anticoagulant prophylaxis at hospital admission» | 62.9 ± 7.9 | 74% |
| Llitjos et al. (n = 26) | Systematic screening for DVT | 18 (69%) |
None: 0 (0%) SD: 8 (31%) ID: 0 (0%) TD or CA: 18 (69%) |
68 (51.5–74.5) | 77% |
| Longchamp et al. (n = 25) | Systematic screening for DVT | 8 (32%) |
SD: 23 (92%) CA: 2 (8%) |
68 ± 11 | 64% |
| Non-ICU COVID-19 patients | |||||
| Fauvel et al. (n = 1240) | Cohort study | 103 (8.3%) |
None: 267 (21.5%) SD: 738 (63%) ID: 99 (8.4%) TA or CA: 136 (11%) |
64 ± 17.0 | 58.1% |
| Galeano-Valle et al. (n = 785) | Cohort study | 24 (3%) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Lodigiani et al. (n = 327) | Cohort study | 20 (6.4%) |
None: 53 (16.2%) SD: 133 (40.7%) ID: 67 (20.5%) TA or CA: 74 (22.6%) |
68 (55–77) | 65.7% |
| Trimaille et al. (n = 289) | Cohort study | 49 (17.0%) |
None: 31 (10.7%) SD: 170 (58.8%) ID: 31 (10.7%) TD or CA: 57 (19.7%) |
62.2 ± 17.0 | 59.2% |
| Demelo-Rodríguez et al. (n = 156) | Systematic screening for DVT with D-dimer > 1000 ng/ml | 23 (14.7%) |
None: 0 (0%) Pneumatic compression 3 (1.9%) DS: 133 (98.1%) ID: 0 (0%) TA or CA: 0(0%) |
68.1 ± 14.5 | 65.4% |
| Zhang et al. (n = 143) | Systematic screening for DVT | 66 (46.1%) |
None: 90 (62.9%) SD: 53 (37.1%) ID: 0 (0%) TA or CA: 0 (0%) |
63 ± 14 | 51.7% |
| Middeldorp et al. (n = 123) | Cohort study | 4 (3.3%) |
"Thromboprophylaxis was initiated in 167 (ICU + non-ICU) patients (84%) while 19 (9.6%) continued therapeutic anticoagulation" None: N/A SD and ID: N/A TA or CA: 12 (9.8%) |
60 ± 10 | 59% |
| Santoliquido et al. (n = 84) | Systematic screening for DVT | 10 (11.9%) |
None: 0 (0%) SD: 84 (100%) ID: 0 (0%) TD or CA: 0 (0%) |
67.6 ± 13.5 | 72.6% |
| Artifoni et al. (n = 71) | Systematic screening for DVT | 16 (22.5%) |
None: 0 (0%) SD: 71 (100%) ID: 0 (0%) TA or CA: 0 (0%) |
64 (46.0–75) | 60.6% |
| Grillet et al. (n = 61) | Chest CT cohort study | 6 (26%) | N/A | N/A | N/A |
CA chronic therapeutic anticoagulation, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, CT computed tomography, DOAC direct oral anticoagulant, DVT deep vein thrombosis, ICU intensive care unit, IT thromboprophylaxis with intermediate-dose of LMWH/UFH, LMWH low-molecular-weight heparin, N/A not available, SD routine thromboprophylaxis with standard-dose of UFH or LMWH, TD thromboprophylaxis with therapeutic dose, UFH unfractionated heparin, VTE venous thrombotic events