Table 3.
Factors associated with having at least one AGE episode during a winter season (univariate and multivariate analysis) among the 8811 participants-season, using the AGE definition of the French Sentinelles network
| univariate analysis | multivariate analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | N* | Case N (%) | OR [IC 95%] | p-value | OR [IC 95%] | p-value | |
| Season | 2014–2015 | 3905 | 385 (10%) | – | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 |
| 2015–2016 | 4906 | 412 (8%) | 0.83 [0.72–0.95] | 0.84 [0.73–0.97] | |||
| 2016–2017 | 5164 | 311 (6%) | 0.58 [0.50–0.67] | 0.56 [0.48–0.65] | |||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||
| Gender | Female | 8381 | 663 (8%) | – | 0.890 | ||
| Male | 5594 | 445 (8%) | 1.01 [0.88–1.15] | ||||
| Age (years) | 15 to 59 | 7171 | 617 (9%) | – | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 |
| < 10 | 461 | 54 (12%) | 1.42 [1.04–1.93] | 1.26 [0.86–1.85] | |||
| 10 to 14 | 347 | 16 (5%) | 0.52 [0.32–0.84] | 0.60 [0.37–0.98] | |||
| ≥ 60 | 5978 | 420 (7%) | 0.80 [0.70–0.92] | 0.76 [0.64–0.89] | |||
| Household composition | Living with adults only | 7266 | 536 (7%) | – | 0.023 | – | 0.015 |
| Living alone | 2217 | 208 (9%) | 1.28 [1.07–1.54] | 1.31 [1.09–1.59] | |||
| Living with ≥1 child | 4443 | 361 (8%) | 1.10 [0.95–1.28] | 0.98 [0.82–1.17] | |||
| Main activity | Working | 6595 | 573 (9%) | – | 0.009 | ||
| Student | 1287 | 91 (7%) | 0.79 [0.62–1.01] | ||||
| Unemployed | 370 | 34 (9%) | 1.07 [0.72–1.60] | ||||
| Retired | 4959 | 343 (7%) | 0.77 [0.67–0.90] | ||||
| Stay at home/Sick leave | 506 | 36 (7%) | 0.82 [0.56–1.20] | ||||
| Level of education | High school diploma | 2564 | 211 (8%) | – | 0.545 | ||
| Middle school diploma | 2211 | 157 (7%) | 0.86 [0.68–1.09] | ||||
| Higher education | 7488 | 661 (8%) | 0.99 [0.83–1.18] | ||||
| Not concerned | 961 | 77 (8%) | 0.99 [0.74–1.31] | ||||
| Place of residency | Rural | 2696 | 198 (7%) | – | 0.269 | ||
| Urban | 11,279 | 910 (8%) | 1.10 [0.93–1.30] | ||||
| Exposure | |||||||
| Use of public transportation | No | 11,787 | 937 (8%) | – | 0.876 | ||
| Yes | 2188 | 171 (8%) | 0.99 [0.83–1.18] | ||||
| Pets at home | None | 7689 | 552 (7%) | – | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 |
| At least one | 6264 | 555 (9%) | 1.26 [1.11–1.43] | 1.23 [1.08–1.41] | |||
| Contact with patients | No | 12,556 | 978 (8%) | – | |||
| Yes | 1424 | 130 (9%) | 1.19 [0.98–1.44] | 0.083 | |||
| Contact with elderly | No | 12,551 | 994 (8%) | – | |||
| Yes | 1424 | 114 (8%) | 1.00 [0.81–1.23] | 0.992 | |||
| Contact with a group of people | No | 9535 | 730 (8%) | – | |||
| Yes | 4440 | 378 (9%) | 1.12 [0.98–1.28] | 0.092 | |||
| Contact with children | No | 10,587 | 855 (8%) | – | |||
| Yes | 3388 | 253 (7%) | 0.93 [0.80–1.08] | 0.325 | |||
| Health characteristics | |||||||
| Common cold frequency | Never | 6076 | 399 (7%) | – | – | < 0.001 | |
| Rare | 5031 | 399 (8%) | 1.21 [1.04–1.40] | < 0.001 | 1.17 [1.01–1.36] | ||
| Often | 2510 | 287 (11%) | 1.79 [1.52–2.11] | 1.63 [1.37–1.94] | |||
| Smoking status | Non smoker | 12,466 | 973 (8%) | – | 0.178 | ||
| Smoker | 1493 | 133 (9%) | 1.15 [0.94–1.41] | ||||
| Comorbiditiesa | No comorbidities | 10,987 | 810 (7%) | – | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 |
| At least one comorbidity | 2988 | 298 (10%) | 1.38 [1.19–1.60] | 1.35 [1.16–1.58] | |||
| Treated asthma | 841 | 88 (10%) | 1.37 [1.07–1.75] | 0.012 | |||
| Treated diabetes | 526 | 61 (12%) | 1.53 [1.10–2.12] | 0.011 | |||
| Treated heart condition | 1400 | 133 (10%) | 1.26 [1.04–1.53] | 0.021 | |||
| Treated kidney condition | 87 | 5 (6%) | 0.69 [0.29–1.64] | 0.396 | |||
| Treated immunosuppression | 386 | 48 (12%) | 1.67 [1.20–2.32] | 0.023 | |||
| Treated pulmonary condition | 365 | 34 (9%) | 1.17 [0.82–1.69] | 0.414 | |||
| Respiratory allergy | None | 9254 | 689 (7%) | – | 0.008 | ||
| At least one | 4721 | 419 (9%) | 1.20 [1.05–1.37] | ||||
| BMI | Normal weight (18.5 to 24[) | 6923 | 560 (7%) | – | < 0.001 | – | < 0.001 |
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 1126 | 37 (6%) | 0.84 [0.59–1.18] | 0.72 [0.50–1.02] | |||
| Overweight (25 to 29) | 3340 | 318 (9%) | 1.23 [1.05–1.43] | 1.25 [1.07–1.45] | |||
| Obese (≥ 30) | 1347 | 171 (11%) | 1.63 [1.33–1.99] | 1.47 [1.19–1.81] | |||
aWe only include the gathered variable “At least one comorbidity” in the final model, none of the individual one listed below