Table 1.
The characteristics and delivery outcomes in women with induction of labor and spontaneous onset of labor (n = 18 396)
| Induced labor (n = 5322) |
Spontaneous labor (n = 13074) | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Age > 35 years | 1613 | 30.3 | 3297 | 25.2 | < 0.001 |
| Height < 164 cm | 1967 | 37.0 | 4651 | 35.6 | 0.01 |
| BMI ≥ 30 | 1023 | 19.2 | 1165 | 8.9 | < 0.001 |
| IVF | 313 | 5.9 | 525 | 4.0 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | 417 | 7.8 | 971 | 7.4 | 0.40 |
| Primiparous | 2799 | 52.6 | 5840 | 44.7 | < 0.001 |
| Post-term (≥ 41 weeks) | 2259 | 42.4 | 3419 | 26.2 | < 0.001 |
| Gestational diabetes | 1324 | 24.9 | 2505 | 19.2 | < 0.001 |
| Previous CS | 462 | 8.7 | 834 | 6.4 | < 0.001 |
| Birth experience VAS-score < 5 | 399 | 7.5 | 420 | 3.2 | < 0.001 |
| Operative vaginal delivery | 665 | 12.5 | 1515 | 11.6 | 0.08 |
| Caesarean delivery | 1040 | 19.5 | 687 | 5.3 | < 0.001 |
| Placental retention | 140 | 2.6 | 190 | 1.5 | < 0.001 |
| Shoulder dystocia | 22 | 0.4 | 40 | 0.3 | 0.25 |
| Maternal infection | 183 | 3.4 | 175 | 1.3 | < 0.001 |
| Sphincter injury | 110 | 2.0 | 262 | 2.1 | 0.78 |
| Maternal severe complication | 7a | 0.1 | 10b | 0.1 | 0.27 |
| Post-partum hemorrhage ≥ 1000 ml | 775 | 14.6 | 1181 | 9.1 | < 0.001 |
| 5-min Apgar score < 7 | 157 | 3.0 | 221 | 1.7 | < 0.001 |
| Umbilical artery pH < 7.05 | 74 | 1.5 | 147 | 1.3 | 0.58 |
| NICU admission | 345 | 6.5 | 661 | 5.1 | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, IVF in vitro fertilization
a Relaparotomy n = 2, pulmonary embolism n = 1, sepsis n = 1, uterine rupture n = 3
b Postpartum hysterectomy n = 1, uterine rupture n = 9