TABLE 5.
MANOVA - Differences in Coping strategies based on ethnic groups (item level). Abbreviated version of questions is used in this table. For complete questions see Table 1.
| Coping strategies | Norway | Russia | Poland | Pakistan | Somalia | F (4,696) | Partial Eta Square |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| Engagement | |||||||
| .. yoga or meditation | 3.57(1.34)a | 4.23(1.32)b | 3.90(1.35)a,b | 3.55(1.49)a | 3.72(1.69)a | 6.10* | 0.03 |
| .. reconsider his/her diet | 3.64(1.27)a,b,c | 3.72(1.16)b,c | 3.21(1.43)a | 3.99(1.28)c | 3.42(1.62)a,b | 5.63* | 0.03 |
| .. physical exercise | 4.72(1.01)b,c | 4.91(1.04)c | 4.06(1.46)a | 4.70(1.16)b,c | 4.44(1.53)a,b | 9.07* | 0.05 |
| .. more time in nature | 4.63(1.05)a | 5.16(0.90)b | 4.60(1.31)a | 4.54(1.28)a | 4.64(1.54)a | 6.63* | 0.04 |
| .. herbs and Natural remedies | 1.87(1.13)a | 3.08 (1.34)c | 3.04(1.52)c | 2.27(1.34)a,b | 2.51(1.61)b | 24.20* | 0.12 |
| .. take some time to reflect | 4.29(1.08)a | 4.59(1.08)a,b | 4.45(1.15)a,b | 4.57(1.16)a,b | 4.72(1.23)b | 3.18 | 0.02 |
| .. talk courage into himself/herself | 3.43(1.31)a,b | 3.47(1.33)a,b | 3.91(1.57)b | 3.47(1.55)a,b | 3.03(1.78)a | 4.59* | 0.03 |
| Disengagement | |||||||
| .. no reason to be sad | 2.00(1.16)a | 2.68(1.39)b | 2.50(1.39)b | 2.60(1.35)b | 2.66(1.79)b | 7.96* | 0.05 |
| .. nothing wrong | 2.28(1.44)a,b | 2.65(1.36)b | 2.09(1.42)a | 2.79(1.47)b | 2.27(1.65)a,b | 4.89* | 0.03 |
| .. not need to do anything, will go away by itself | 2.15(1.10)a,b | 2.30(1.18)b,c | 1.81(1.04)a | 2.51(1.24)b,c | 2.68(1.64)c | 8.46* | 0.05 |
| .. busy with work | 2.77(1.12)a | 3.42(1.36)b | 2.94(1.38)a | 3.59(1.27)b | 3.63(1.78)b | 12.68* | 0.08 |
| .. avoid thinking too much | 2.68(1.38)a | 2.92(1.48)a | 2.72(1.48)a | 3.61(1.38)b | 4.16(1.72)c | 22.69* | 0.12 |
| .. find a partner | 2.80(1.31)a | 3.85(1.49)b,c | 3.50(1.57)b | 3.76(1.50)b,c | 4.09(1.84)c | 18.87* | 0.10 |
| Spiritual | |||||||
| .. reconcile with God | 1.32(0.87)a | 2.25(1.36)b | 2.11(1.46)b | 3.50(1.65)c | 4.76(1.51)d | 134.54* | 0.44 |
| .. prey | 1.79(1.26)a | 2.46(1.54)b | 2.27(1.48)a,b | 3.83(1.54)c | 4.42(1.60)d | 76.61* | 0.31 |
| .. victim of e.g., evil spirits | 1.12(0.58)a | 1.42(1.08)a | 1.38(0.97)a | 1.94(1.25)b | 2.55(1.66)c | 38.57* | 0.18 |
| Items removed | |||||||
| .. get married | 1.53(1.00)a | 2.30(1.32)b,c | 1.94(1.35)a,b | 2.56(1.44)c | 3.60(2.11)d | 40.77* | 0.19 |
| .. express his/her emotions | 5.20(0.91)c | 4.67(0.98)a,b | 4.86(1.06)a,b,c | 5.03(1.17)b,c | 4.63(1.46)a | 7.98* | 0.04 |
| .. leisure time activities | 3.83(1.19)a | 4.47(1.22)b | 4.20(1.35)a,b | 4.62(1.11)b | 4.55(1.52)b | 11.51* | 0.06 |
| .. use medication | 2.82(1.27)a,b | 2.93(1.27)a,b | 3.13(1.56)b | 2.66(1.35)a,b | 2.58(1.80)a | 2.65 | 0.02 |
| .. should be ashamed | 1.16(0.62)a | 1.56(1.06)b,c | 1.24(0.83)a,b | 1.32(0.83)a,b | 1.84(1.47)c | 11.65* | 0.06 |
| .. get more rest | 3.81(1.20)a | 4.28(1.21)b,c | 4.04(1.45)a,b | 4.18(1.33)a,b,c | 4.54(1.27)c | 6.70* | 0.04 |
| .. reassess his/her life situation | 3.36(1.36)a | 4.23(1.24)b,c | 3.85(1.47)b | 3.79(1.31)a,b | 4.43(1.41)c | 14.82 | 0.08 |
| .. stay at home | 2.40(1.31)a,b | 2.20(1.21)a | 2.06(1.34)a | 2.48(1.34)a,b | 2.81(1.78)b | 4.42* | 0.03 |
| .. alcohol or other drugs | 1.38(0.83)a | 1.42(0.84)a | 1.23(0.54)a | 1.34(0.90)a | 1.36(1.15)a | 0.83 | 0.01 |
| .. not tell anyone about his/her feelings | 1.41(1.08)a | 2.11(1.35)c | 1.50(0.96)a,b | 1.68(1.19)a,b | 1.88(1.54)b,c | 8.73* | 0.05 |
| .. blame someone else | 1.97(1.09)b | 1.78(0.97)b | 1.35(0.60)a | 1.67(1.05)a,b | 1.61(1.12)a,b | 7.72* | 0.04 |
Means within a row with different subscripts are significantly different at p < 0.025 *p < 0.00.