Table 1:
Risk of Adverse Outcome Associated with APOL1
| Type of Study | Study, Author, and Year | Disease | High Risk AA vs. Low Risk AA OR/HR/IRR/RRR Multivariable Analysis* | 95% Confidence Interval | High Risk AA vs White OR/HR/IRR/RRR Multivariable Analysis* | 95% Confidence Interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case Control | Genovese9 2010 | Hypertensive ESKD | OR= 7.3 | 5.6–9.5 | - | - |
| Case Control | Kopp18 2011 | FSGS HIVAN |
OR=16.9 OR=29.2 | 11.0–26.5 13.1–68.5 | - | - |
| Cohort | Dallas Heart Study Friedman94 2011 | HTN ACR Egfr<60 |
- | - | OR=1.7 OR=2.8 OR=3.9 |
P=.003 1.8–4.4 1.9–2.9 |
| Cohort | CRIC Parsa27 2013 | ESKD | - | - | HR=2.16 | 1.62–2.89 |
| Cohort | CARDIA Peralta22 2016 | Incident Albuminuria | OR=2.93 | 1.86–4.62 | OR=3.89 | 2.43–6.22 |
| Cohort | ARIC Grams26 2016 | Incident HTN Diabetes ESKD |
- | - | IRR=1.21 IRR=1.41 IRR=2.84 |
1.00–1.45 1.20–1.67 1.88–4.30 |
| Cohort | CARDIA Chen95 2017 | Incident HTN | RRR=1.04 | 0.56–1.94 | - | - |
| RCT Secondary analysis | AASK Parsa27 2013 | ESKD/Doubling Creatinine | HR=1.88 | 1.46–2.44 | - | - |
| RCT secondary analysis | AASK Chen96 2017 | Proteinuria in HTN-Attributed CKD | HR=1.72 | 1.27–2.32 | - | - |
*
Multivariable analysis: OR=Odds Ratio, HR=hazard Ratio, IRR=Incident Rate Ratio, RRR=Relative Risk Ratio. High risk APOL1 African Americans include (G1/G1, G2/G2/ G1/G2), low risk APOL1 African Americans <2 alleles (G1/G0, G2/G0, G0/G0).
Definitions: ESKD=endstage kidney disease, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC), and African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK), and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC). RCT=randomized controlled trial, hypertension (HTN, albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN), chronic kidney disease (CKD).