Table 3. . Recent applications of nanoparticles in developing coronaviruses sensors based on different analytical techniques and related limit of detections.
| Virus | NPs | Detection way | LOD | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERS-CoV | Ag NPs | Colorimetric | 1.53 nM | [45] |
| MERS-CoV | Au NPs | Electrochemiluminescence | 1.0 pg.ml-1 | [46] |
| HCoV | Au NPs | Electrochemiluminescence | 0.4 pg.ml-1 | [46] |
| IBV | MoS2 nanosheets | Immunosensing | 4.6 × 102 EID50 per ml | [49] |
| IBV | QD-MP NPs and Zr NPs | Photoluminescence | 79.15 EID/50 ml | [48] |
| IBV | CAu NPs | Chiroimmunosensing | 47.91 EID/50 ml | [47] |
| PEDV | Au NPs | Nano-nest PCR | 2.21 × 10-7 ngμl-1 | [50] |
| IBV | Colloidal Au NPs | ICS | 104.4 EID/50 ml | [51] |
CAu NP: Chiral gold nanohybrid; CoV: Coronavirus; HCoV: Human coronavirus; IBV: Infectious bronchitis virus; ICS: Immunochromatographic strip; LOD: Limit of detection; MERS: Middle East respiratory syndrome; NP: Nanoparticle; PEDV: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; QD-MP: Quantum dot-magnetoplasmonic.