Table 2. Bi-directional Mendelian randomization estimates.

Exposure	Outcome	MR Causal OR (95% CI) *	P-value
Atrial fibrillation (152 variants)	Heart failure	1.23 (1.20, 1.27)	3.7 × 10−52
Atrial fibrillation (152 variants)	Coronary artery disease	1.00 (0.98, 1.03)	0.76
Atrial fibrillation (152 variants)	Myocardial infarction	0.98 (0.95, 1.02)	0.30
Heart failure (11 variants)	Atrial Fibrillation	1.45 (1.11, 1.90)	0.0067
Coronary artery disease (68 variants)	Atrial Fibrillation	1.15 (1.11, 1.21)	1.7 × 10−10
Myocardial infarction (31 variants)	Atrial Fibrillation	1.11 (1.06, 1.16)	1.3 × 10−5

Summary statistics for atrial fibrillation taken from Nielsen et al. [12] for myocardial infarction and CAD from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D + UKB SOFT + MiGen [10, 11], for heart failure from HERMES [14].

* IVW MR model. For MR results using MR-Egger, the contamination mixture model and MR-PRESSO, see S7 Table. Causal ORs relate the odds of the outcome in exposed individuals vs non-exposed.

IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization; OR, odds ratio.