Table 6. Structure of scientific teams in COVID-19 vs pre-COVID-19 research.
| Pre-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | COVID-19 (minus preprints) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Median | Std Dev | N | Mean | Median | Std Dev | N | Mean | Median | Std Dev | N | |
| Number of authors | 7.09*** | 6 | 5.57 | 6,105 | 7.83*** | 6 | 8.58 | 4,327 | 6.38 | 5 | 7.61 | 2,472 |
| Number of countries | 1.76** | 1 | 1.34 | 6,106 | 1.52 | 1 | 1.32 | 4,327 | 1.65 | 1 | 1.32 | 2,472 |
| International team dummy | 0.42*** | 0 | 0.49 | 6,106 | 0.31 | 0 | 0.46 | 4,327 | 0.35 | 0 | 0.48 | 2,472 |
| International team dummy (excluding Chinese articles) | 0.44*** | 0 | 0.50 | 4,764 | 0.32 | 0 | 0.46 | 2,656 | 0.38 | 0 | 0.49 | 1,431 |
| International team dummy (Chinese articles) | 0.35** | 0 | 0.48 | 1,341 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.46 | 1,671 | 0.31 | 0 | 0.46 | 1,041 |
| International team dummy (United States articles) | 0.53*** | 1 | 0.50 | 2,122 | 0.44 | 0 | 0.50 | 1,202 | 0.54 | 0 | 0.50 | 605 |
*, **, *** denote statistical significance at p values of 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 in a difference of means test comparing pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 outcomes. Comparisons are between pre-COVID-19 outcomes and COVID-19 era outcomes.