Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population According to Quartiles of Dietary Magnesium Intake per Kilogram Body Weight
| Magnesium Intake/kg (Quartiles) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (Low) | 2 | 3 | 4 (High) | P* | |
| Age (years) | 52.77±15.72 | 50.82±14.71 | 50.03±14.77 | 50.55±14.71 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 45.1 | 46.0 | 47.9 | 49.3 | 0.034 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.99±3.64 | 23.85±3.27 | 22.69±2.96 | 21.83±2.98 | <0.001 |
| Daily dietary intake | |||||
| Mg intake/kg (mg/kg) | 2.91±0.52 | 4.09±0.28 | 5.14±0.36 | 7.66±2.06 | <0.001 |
| Mg intake (mg) | 190.61±46.16 | 254.04±45.52 | 301.93±52.99 | 426.05±124.43 | <0.001 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 1617.65±459.49 | 1935.12±472.97 | 2166.51±520.13 | 2600.07±587.39 | <0.001 |
| Protein intake (kcal) | 49.28±15.32 | 60.83±16.55 | 68.82±17.77 | 85.23±24.93 | <0.001 |
| Fat intake (kcal) | 59.69±31.52 | 65.32±31.00 | 70.40±33.67 | 79.08±34.82 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate intake (kcal) | 220.53±67.15 | 273.96±76.31 | 312.07±87.76 | 387.14±105.77 | <0.001 |
| Urban residence (%) | 37.6 | 36.5 | 32.3 | 25.7 | <0.001 |
| High school education or above (%) | 27.0 | 25.6 | 24.1 | 18.0 | <0.001 |
| Current drinker (%) | 30.2 | 32.2 | 34.4 | 35.2 | 0.020 |
| Ever smoked (%) | 29.1 | 29.6 | 31.4 | 34.4 | 0.003 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.56±8.61 | 3.93±7.37 | 3.50±6.12 | 3.11±6.20 | <0.001 |
| FINS (uIU/mL) | 16.50±24.75 | 14.70±20.80 | 13.92±24.15 | 12.49±19.62 | <0.001 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.69±1.73 | 5.44±1.47 | 5.33±1.32 | 5.20±1.18 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 86.73±10.28 | 83.66±10.00 | 80.73±9.47 | 79.36±9.59 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 128.49±20.39 | 125.49±18.52 | 123.77±18.66 | 122.12±17.96 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 82.30±11.61 | 80.95±11.07 | 80.01±11.44 | 79.14±11.35 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.04±1.04 | 4.91±1.00 | 4.77±0.98 | 4.73±0.95 | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.87±1.51 | 1.79±1.72 | 1.61±1.41 | 1.45±1.27 | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.13±0.99 | 3.01±0.99 | 2.90±0.92 | 2.88±0.99 | <0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.38±0.41 | 1.41±0.42 | 1.46±0.65 | 1.50±0.46 | <0.001 |
Notes: Data are presented as means±SD, or %. *P values are for any difference across the quartiles of magnesium intake using ANOVA or χ2 test as appropriate. Mg intake/kg: dietary magnesium intake per kilogram body weight, Mg intake: dietary magnesium intake.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FINS, fasting insulin; FBG, fast blood glucose; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.