Table I.

Activity of antimicrobial ingredients against enveloped viruses such as coronaviruses

Ingredient	Virucidal activity against enveloped viruses11,43∗	Allergenicity†
Chloroxylenol	High	+
Ethanol	High	-
Povidone iodine	High	+/-
Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) (0.21%)	High	-
Triclosan/triclocarban	High	+/-
Benzalkonium chloride	Moderate	+
Chlorhexidine digluconate	Moderate	+
Benzethonium chloride	Low	-
Phenolic compounds	Low	-
Quaternary ammonium compounds	Low	-

^∗High virucidal activity: <1 minute; moderate virucidal activity: 1 to 30 minutes; low virucidal activity: >30 minutes.

^†The + symbol indicates that the ingredient is found in the American Contact Dermatitis Society core patch testing panels, +/- indicates scattered reports of contact allergy and the - symbol indicates that allergenicity is rare.^15,16