Figure 2.

Harmful effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in mice according to human trimesters equivalents (59). First trimester equivalent: cranial dysmorphologies (60, 61), brain malformations (61, 62) and altered gray and white matter tracts (63). Second trimester equivalent: craniofacial and brain malformations (62, 64, 65), neurodevelopmental disorders (66, 67) and fetal growth restriction (68, 69). Third trimester equivalent: brain abnormalities (70–72), neurodevelopmental disorders (71, 73). GD, gestational day. PND, postnatal day.