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The proposed mechanisms of the enhanced stress tolerance to environmental stressors in plasma-treated seeds (or seedlings). The plasma treatment (e.g., ROS, RNS, and UV) can enhance crop tolerance before a stress event by modulating the seed surface environment (e.g., hydrophilicity and pathogen inactivation) and physiological processes (e.g., enhanced antioxidant system and activated defense response) in the seed (or seedling).
