TABLE 5.
Major metabolites detected in rat urine in response to a single gavage of γTmT or δTE/γTE in comparison with their respective baseline (in nanomoles unless otherwise indicated)1
Baseline2 | γTmT supplement | Baseline3 | δTE/γTE supplement | |
---|---|---|---|---|
δ-CEHC | 0.101 ± 0.02 | 2.29 ± 0.32* | 0.120 ± 0.037 | 6.89 ± 2.28* |
SO3-δ-CEHC | 0.679 ± 0.101 | 19.8 ± 0.58* | 0.751 ± 0.396 | 55.7 ± 0.7* |
Conjugated-δ-CEHC | 2.23 ± 0.71 | 126 ± 16* | 3.77 ± 0.90 | 80.6 ± 18* |
γ-CEHC | 0.091 ± 0.021 | 1.01 ± 0.27* | 0.177 ± 0.103 | 1.39 ± 0.07 |
SO3-γ-CEHC | 7.89 ± 0.80 | 63.7 ± 9.4* | 12.8 ± 2.3 | 36.3 ± 2.5* |
Conjugated-γ-CEHC | 9.38 ± 4.01 | 413 ± 65* | 16.2 ± 5.2 | 36.3 ± 9.4 |
Total δ-metabolites4 | 3.01 ± 0.69 | 148 ± 17* | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 143 ± 21* |
Excretion,5 % | 2.21 ± 0.26 | 0.71 ± 0.11 | ||
Total γ-metabolites4 | 17.4 ± 5.1 | 478 ± 75* | 29.6 ± 8.7 | 74.1 ± 12* |
Excretion,5 % | 2.67 ± 0.43 | 1.89 ± 0.31 |
Values are mean ± SEM, n = 6. Student's t test was used for comparing γTmT or δTE/γTE supplement with the respective baseline. *P < 0.05, difference between γTmT or δTE/γTE supplement and the respective baseline. Abbreviations of vitamin E forms and metabolites are shown in Figure 1. CEHC, 2-(β-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman, also called 3′-COOH; COOH, carboxychromanol; γTE, γ-tocotrienol; γTmT, γ-tocopherol-rich mixed tocopherol; δTE, δ-tocotrienol; δTE/γTE, δ-tocotrienol-rich tocotrienol.
Baseline for γTmT-supplement rats.
Baseline for δTE/γTE-supplement rats.
Total metabolites: sum of δ- or γ-series metabolites.
Excretion % = (24-h urine excretion of total metabolites in response to supplements minus 24-h baseline excretion)/intake.