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. 2020 Jul 22;24:452. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03141-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — The associations of plasma sACE2 levels with sex, age, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). a Sex differences in plasma sACE2 levels. b Differences in sACE2 levels between pre- (N = 272) and post-menopausal (N = 251) women over 35 years of age. c Associations between sACE2 and age. d Differences in sACE2 levels in individuals who do vs. who do not meet diagnostic criteria for MetS and its subcomponents. The following diagnostic criteria, based on WHO guidelines, were used: obesity, BMI > 30 kg/m²; hyperglycemia, fasting glucose > 100 mg/dl or other evidence of insulin resistance (e.g., prescription); hypertension, systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm/hg; dyslipidemia, triglycerides > 150 or HDL-C < 35 for men and < 39 for women. Overall status was determined as MetS if the individual met criteria for insulin resistance and satisfied at least one other domain criterion for the syndrome. sACE2, soluble ACE2 (normalized protein expression, NPX, values adjusted for covariates and scaled)