TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics at baseline
| Tolvaptan (N = 18) | Furosemide (N = 15) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 53 ± 11.7 | 59 ± 8.9 | 0.142 |
| Male, % | 11 (61.1) | 14 (93.3) | 0.046 |
| Heart failure characteristics | |||
| Ischaemic aetiology, % | 5 (29.4) | 3 (21.4) | 0.698 |
| LVEF | 24 ± 7.2 | 33 ± 14.3 | 0.093 |
| LVEF≥40%, N (%) | 1 (5.6) | 7 (46.7) | 0.012 |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 2 (11.1) | 4 (28.6) | 0.365 |
| Hypertension | 10 (55.6) | 8 (53.3) | 0.898 |
| Dyslipidemia | 4 (22.2) | 1 (6.7) | 0.346 |
| Atrial arrhythmia | 6 (33.3) | 6 (42.9) | 0.581 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (50.0) | 8 (53.3) | 0.849 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3 (16.7) | 3 (21.4) | 1.000 |
| Home medications | |||
| Loop diuretic | 15 (83.3) | 12 (80.0) | 1.000 |
| Home oral loop dose (Furosemide equivalents) | 93 ± 63.5 | 109 ± 77.5 | 0.693 |
| Thiazide diuretic | 3 (16.7) | 2 (13.3) | 1.000 |
| Beta‐blocker | 11 (61.1) | 9 (60.0) | 0.948 |
| ACE inhibitor | 9 (50.0) | 5 (33.3) | 0.335 |
| ARB | 2 (11.1) | 2 (13.3) | 1.000 |
| MRA | 6 (33.3) | 4 (26.7) | 0.722 |
| Digoxin | 1 (5.6) | 1 (6.7) | 1.000 |
| Antiplatelet | 10 (55.6) | 7 (50.0) | 0.755 |
| Anticoagulant | 5 (27.8) | 4 (26.7) | 1.000 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A |
| Statin | 7 (38.9) | 6 (40.0) | 0.948 |
| Other | |||
| SBP, mmHg | 102 (94, 114) | 108 (92, 142) | 0.426 |
| DBP, mmHg | 73 (68, 77) | 75 (65, 91) | 0.600 |
| HR, bpm | 83 (77, 95) | 82(71, 101) | 1.000 |
| Serum potassium, mmol/L | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 0.636 |
| Serum albumin, g/L | 33 ± 4 | 30 ± 6 | 0.137 |
| White blood cell count, 109/L | 7.6 ± 2.9 | 9.3 ± 3.5 | 0.124 |
| SCr, μmol/L | 101.7 (77.8, 133.5) | 76.9 (67.2, 107.9) | 0.093 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 9.3 (5.0, 15.0) | 7.8(7.1, 12.1) | 0.928 |
| NT‐proBNP, ng/L | 5,190 (3,834, 9,917) | 8,080 (4,488, 12,645) | 0.143 |
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SCr, serum creatinine
Mean ± SD, median (IQR), or N (%).