Table 3.

Circulating protein levels and incidence of heart failure stratifying for baseline hypertension

	Normotensive HF (n = 46/1613)		Hypertensive HF (n = 238/2572)
	HR per SD (95% CI)	P	HR per SD (95% CI)	P
Model 1
GDF‐15	1.32 (0.95–1.83)	0.100	1.49 (1.31–1.71)	4.71E−09
IL‐6	1.15 (0.89–1.47)	0.278	1.39 (1.25–1.55)	1.44E−09
Model 2
GDF‐15	1.31 (0.95–1.81)	0.095	1.45 (1.27–1.66)	4.36E−08
IL‐6	1.14 (0.88–1.48)	0.309	1.35 (1.21–1.50)	6.30E−08
Model 3
GDF‐15	1.28 (0.91–1.80)	0.162	1.32 (1.14–1.53)	2.31E−04
IL‐6	1.07 (0.79–1.43)	0.675	1.23 (1.09–1.39)	0.001

Values are hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incidence of heart failure per SD unit increase of protein from Cox proportional hazards models. Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 is adjusted for age, sex, and fasting plasma levels of N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide. Model 3 is further adjusted for GDF‐15 and IL‐6.

CI, confidence interval; GDF‐15, growth differentiation factor‐15; HF, heart failure; IL‐16, interleukin‐1.