Table 2.

Meta-regressions to identify associations and sources of between-study heterogeneity of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in pregnant women.

	Studies (n)	Univariable analysis			Variance explained R2 (%)	Multivariable analysis
		Prevalence OR (95%CI)	p value	p value , moderator		Adjusted prevalence OR (95%CI)	p value	p value , LR test
IgM seroprevalence
Country level of income				0.0006	12.5			< 0.0001
High	38	1.00 (ref)				1.00 (ref)
Upper-middle	96	1.01 (0.98–1.04)	0.523			1.01 (0.98–1.05)	0.503
Lower-middle	25	1.10 (1.05–1.15)	0.0001			1.10 (1.04–1.16)	0.002
Low	14	1.04 (0.98–1.10)	0.194			1.02 (0.95–1.10)	0.550
WHO regions				< 0.0001	21.8			< 0.0001
Africa	22	1.00 (ref)				1.00 (ref)
Americas	37	0.94 (0.90–0.98)	0.009			0.98 (0.91–1.04)	0.486
Eastern Mediterranean	36	1.03 (0.99–1.08)	0.163			1.06 (1.00–1.12)	0.067
Europe	39	0.94 (0.90–0.99)	0.010			0.98 (0.92–1.05)	0.583
South-East Asia	17	0.97 (0.92–1.03)	0.339			0.96 (0.90–1.02)	0.201
Western Pacific	22	0.96 (0.91–1.01)	0.087			0.99 (0.92–1.06)	0.727
Year of study (increased by 10 years)	173	1.02 (1.0008–1.03)	0.041	0.041	21.9	1.01 (0.99–1.02)	0.479	0.479
IgG seroprevalence
Country level of income				0.004	6.5			< 0.0001
High	59	1.00 (ref)				1.00 (ref)
Upper-middle	120	1.14 (1.06–1.22)	0.0006			1.12 (1.05–1.21)	0.002
Lower-middle	34	1.07 (0.97–1.18)	0.177			1.10 (0.98–1.24)	0.102
Low	21	1.15 (1.03–1.29)	0.015			1.14 (0.97–1.32)	0.098
WHO regions				< 0.0001	7.1			< 0.0001
Africa	35	1.00 (ref)				1.00 (ref)
Americas	47	1.09 (0.997–1.20)	0.058			1.10 (0.96–1.26)	0.195
Eastern Mediterranean	46	1.03 (0.94–1.13)	0.491			1.06 (0.94–1.20)	0.326
Europe	63	0.93 (0.86–1.02)	0.114			1.00 (0.87–1.14)	0.930
South-East Asia	17	0.88 (0.78–0.99)	0.037			0.89 (0.78–1.02)	0.088
Western Pacific	26	0.74 (0.66–0.82)	< 0.0001			0.76 (0.66–0.87)	0.0001
Year of study (increased by 10 years)	234	1.02 (0.98–1.06)	0.407	0.407	17.8