Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of adults with and without AKI, stratified by the presence or absence of CKD at study entry
| Characteristic | No preexisting CKD |
Preexisting CKD |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI (n = 463) | No AKI (n = 463) | P Value | AKI (n = 306) | No AKI (n = 306) | P Value | |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | ||||||
| Preadmission | 0.94 (0.20) | 0.87 (0.17) | <0.0001 | 1.69 (0.60) | 1.47 (0.48) | <0.0001 |
| Inpatient | 2.14 (1.71) | 0.90 (0.20) | <0.0001 | 2.94 (1.76) | 1.43 (0.44) | <0.0001 |
| 3-mo baseline | 1.02 (0.47) | 0.86 (0.20) | <0.0001 | 1.71 (0.78) | 1.37 (0.50) | <0.0001 |
| Estimated GFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | ||||||
| Preadmission | 83.8 ± 17.8 | 86.1 ± 16.1 | 0.003 | 42.0 ± 12.1 | 46.0 ± 10.2 | <0.0001 |
| Inpatient | 41.6 ± 17.2 | 84.0 ± 17.5 | <0.0001 | 24.3 ± 9.6 | 47.7 ± 12.3 | <0.0001 |
| 3-mo baseline | 79.8 ± 22.5 | 86.9 ± 17.9 | <0.0001 | 44.3 ± 17.3 | 51.2 ± 14.7 | <0.0001 |
| Age, yr | 60.7 ± 12.9 | 61.7 ± 13.1 | 0.02 | 68.1 ± 11.2 | 71.1 ± 9.4 | <0.0001 |
| Women | 129 (27.9) | 191 (41.3) | <0.0001 | 121 (39.5) | 133 (43.5) | 0.39 |
| Race | 0.27 | 0.02 | ||||
| White | 378 (81.6) | 394 (85.1) | 229 (74.8) | 259 (84.6) | ||
| Black | 65 (14.0) | 47 (10.1) | 52 (17.0) | 31 (10.1) | ||
| Other | 20 (4.4) | 22 (4.8) | 25 (8.2) | 16 (5.3) | ||
| Hispanic ethnicity | 13 (2.8) | 10 (2.2) | 0.68 | 8 (2.6) | 7 (2.3) | 0.99 |
| Smoking status | 0.10 | 0.48 | ||||
| Never | 176 (38.0) | 209 (45.1) | 132 (43.1) | 117 (38.2) | ||
| Former | 199 (43.0) | 188 (40.6) | 145 (47.4) | 157 (51.3) | ||
| Current | 87 (18.8) | 61 (13.2) | 25 (8.2) | 29 (9.5) | ||
| Unknown | 1 (0.2) | 5 (1.1) | 4 (1.3) | 3 (1.0) | ||
| Prior cardiovascular disease | 200 (43.2) | 147 (31.8) | <0.0001 | 172 (56.2) | 146 (47.7) | <0.0001 |
| Prior diabetes mellitus | 201 (43.4) | 147 (31.8) | <0.0001 | 186 (60.8) | 127 (41.5) | <0.0001 |
| Treated in ICU during index admission | 340 (73.4) | 307 (66.3) | <0.0001 | 205 (67.0) | 166 (54.2) | <0.0001 |
| Sepsis during index admission | 89 (19.2) | 14 (3.0) | <0.0001 | 29 (9.5) | 12 (3.9) | 0.006 |
| 3-mo baseline measurements | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 31.4 ± 8.5 | 30.5 ± 7.2 | 0.07 | 32.0 ± 8.1 | 30.6 ± 6.8 | 0.07 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 128 ± 22 | 126 ± 19 | 0.27 | 129 ± 23 | 127 ± 20 | 0.36 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 73 ± 13 | 74 ± 13 | 0.42 | 68 ± 14 | 69 ± 14 | 0.55 |
| Plasma cystatin C, mg/l | 1.2 (1.0, 1.5) | 1.0 (0.9, 1.2) | <0.0001 | 2.0 (1.6, 2.6) | 1.7 (1.4, 1.9) | <0.0001 |
| Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) | 0.03 | 0.2 (0.1, 0.7) | 0.1 (0.1, 0.3) | <0.0001 |
AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ICU, intensive care unit.
Values are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range).