Fig. 3.
Effects of L. paracasei treatment on mRNA expression related to macrophage polarization in BMDM stimulated with LPS and interleulin-4 (IL-4). A) HIF1A, B) arginase. Approximately 3 × 105 cells of rodent BMDMs treated with 100 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 20 ng/mL IL-4 were co-incubated with 3 × 106 colony-forming units of each L. paracasei strain at 37 °C for 24 h. Total RNA was extracted using an easy-spin Total RNA Extraction Kit and cDNA was synthesized using a High-Capacity RNA-to-cDNA Kit. PCR was performed using cDNA and the expression levels were normalized to HPRT. Samples without L. paracasei treatment were used as a control. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Asterisks indicated a statistical significance (*, P < 0.05).