Table 2.
Changes in perceived distress frequency, social network structure, and perceived social support over time, as measured by social network and perceived social support (SNaPSS)
| TD (n = 182) | ASD (n = 21) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | |||||||
| M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | |
| Perceived distress | ||||||||||||
| Academic | 4.91 (3.23) | 0–21 | 8.31 (3.94) | 0–19 | 8.15 (4.06) | 0–20 | 8.95 (4.81) | 0–16 | 11.86 (4.20) | 5–20 | 11.38 (5.58) | 2–20 |
| Daily living | 5.44 (3.48) | 0–18 | 4.88 (3.47) | 0–15 | 4.36 (3.30) | 0–16 | 8.52 (4.90) | 1–16 | 8.38 (4.93) | 0–17 | 8.14 (5.26) | 0–19 |
| Socialisation | 6.44 (4.75) | 0–19 | 4.43 (4.07) | 0–18 | 3.82 (3.75) | 0–18 | 9.57 (6.02) | 1–20 | 10.53 (4.69) | 3–20 | 9.52 (5.42) | 1–20 |
| SNS | ||||||||||||
| Size | 11.98 (5.10) | 0–20 | 10.58 (5.13) | 0–20 | 10.33 (5.17) | 0–20 | 8.04 (5.03) | 0–20 | 8.19 (5.05) | 1–20 | 7.33–5.27 | 0–18 |
| Density | .36 (.19) | 0–1 | .31 (.16) | 0–1 | .30 (.16) | 0–1 | 0.32 (0.19) | 0–0.7 | 0.39 (0.26) | 0.13–1 | 0.37 (0.28) | 0–1 |
| % family | 37.13 (19.52) | 0–100 | 30.66 (17.21) | 0–100 | 30.83 (15.18) | 0–75 | 27.21 (18.89) | 0–72.73 | 38.58 (25.60) | 0–100 | 27.33 (21.52) | 0–90.91 |
| % friends | 60.65 (18.50) | 0–100 | 67.54 (18.51) | 0–100 | 67.68 (16.20) | 0–100 | 48.53 (24.38) | 0–85 | 54.06 (26.66) | 0–100 | 58.64 (33.01) | 0–100 |
| % other | 3.49 (7.22) | 0–33.33 | .70 (2.89) | 0–23.53 | .88 (3.76) | 0–27.27 | 10.17 (19.60) | 0–81.82 | 7.36 (13.97) | 0–57.14 | 9.26–18.99 | 0–66.67 |
| PSS quantity | ||||||||||||
| Academic | 2.93 (2.69) | 0–10.29 | 2.92 (1.88) | 0–9 | 2.92 (2.06) | 0–10.79 | 2.25 (2.62) | 0–8.5 | 2.71 (2.25) | 0–7.5 | 2.43 (1.91) | 0–5 |
| Daily living | 4.77 (2.11) | 0–10 | 3.76 (2.14) | 0–10 | 3.22 (1.92) | 0–10 | 4.26 (2.57) | 0–9.9 | 3.78 (2.56) | 0–10 | 3.32 (2.35) | 0–8 |
| Socialisation | 4.58 (2.23) | 0–10 | 3.32 (2.00) | 0–9 | 2.91 (2.04) | 0–8.50 | 3.53 (2.43) | 0–8.4 | 3.75 (2.64) | 0–10 | 2.83 (1.78) | 0–6.33 |
| Family | 6.22 (3.31) | 0–15 | 3.89 (2.89) | 0–15 | 3.34 (2.74) | 0–14 | 4.99 (4.02) | 0–15 | 4.28 (3.8) | 0–14.5 | 2.90 (3.02) | 0–11.5 |
| Friends | 5.57 (3.28) | 0–13.17 | 5.90 (2.99) | 0–13.50 | 5.58 (2.89) | 0–14.50 | 4.03 (4.17) | 0–14 | 5.22 (3.80) | 0–11 | 4.38 (4.06) | 0–11.83 |
| Other | 0.49 (1.18) | 0–6 | 0.21 (1.01) | 0–9 | 0.13 (0.76) | 0–8 | 1.02 (1.85) | 0–7 | 0.74 (1.68) | 0–6 | 1.30 (2.49) | 0–8 |
| PSS quality | ||||||||||||
| Academic | 4.83 (3.86) | 0–15 | 5.19 (3.09) | 0–14.5 | 5.21 (3.13) | 0–14.67 | 3.54 (3.64) | 0–12 | 4.62 (3.59) | 0–13 | 3.42 (2.77) | 0–9 |
| Daily living | 7.24 (2.75) | 0–15 | 6.77 (2.97) | 0–13 | 6.54 (2.99) | 0–13 | 6.42 (4.07) | 0–15 | 5.40 (3.13) | 0–10 | 5.16 (2.98) | 0–10 |
| Socialisation | 6.84 (3.00) | 0–15 | 5.80 (2.91) | 0–13.45 | 5.29 (3.24) | 0–12.17 | 4.46 (3.28) | 0–10 | 4.45 (3.27) | 0–10 | 4.94 (3.39) | 0–14 |
| Family | 9.41 (4.10) | 0–15 | 7.65 (4.66) | 0–15 | 7.19 (4.79) | 0–15 | 6.53 (4.70) | 0–15 | 6.11 (5.00) | 0–15 | 4.85 (4.63) | 0–13.5 |
| Friends | 8.49 (4.21) | 0–15 | 9.67 (3.79) | 0–15 | 9.54 (3.86) | 0–15 | 5.62 (5.06) | 0–15 | 6.71 (4.11) | 0–15 | 6.42 (4.98) | 0–15 |
| Other | 1.01 (2.59) | 0–15 | .43 (1.85) | 0–13 | 0.30 (1.43) | 0–10 | 2.26 (3.96) | 0–15 | 1.64 (3.91) | 0–14 | 2.26 (4.08) | 0–12 |
TD typically developing, ASD autism spectrum disorder, SNS social network structure, PSS perceived social support