Table 4.

Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Trajectory Groups (Reference group: Stable Low)

Comparison Group(s)	Sharp increase			Gradual increase
	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Maltreatment characteristics
Chronic maltreatment	.702	[.29, 1.71]	.437	1.497	[.82, 2.75]	.194
Early childhood physical abuse	2.301	[1.14, 4.67]	.021	1.097	[.64, 1.88]	.736
Early childhood sexual abuse	1.480	[.66, 3.32]	.341	.618	[.32, 1.20]	.156
Early childhood emotional abuse	1.382	[.61, 3.13]	.437	.972	[.55, 1.73]	.923
Early childhood neglect	1.302	[.68, 2.50]	.426	1.890	[1.24, 2.87]	.003
School age physical abuse	1.091	[.53, 2.25]	.814	.619	[.38, 1.01]	.057
School age sexual abuse	1.151	[.46, 2.89]	.765	1.169	[.62, 2.21]	.631
School age emotional abuse	.931	[.44, 1.99]	.853	1.041	[.63, 1.73]	.878
School age neglect	.787	[.41, 1.51]	.472	1.097	[.72, 1.68]	.669
Adolescent physical abuse	3.703	[1.66, 8.26]	.001	1.057	[.56, 1.99]	.863
Adolescent sexual abuse	1.896	[.65, 5.55]	.243	1.473	[.66, 3.30]	.347
Adolescent emotional abuse	1.350	[.56, 3.25]	.504	1.816	[.94, 3.51]	.076
Adolescent neglect	1.488	[.67, 3.32]	.331	1.525	[.86, 2.70]	.148
Control Variables
Child’s gender (male)	1.726	[1.04, 2.88]	.036	1.467	[1.07, 2.02]	.018
Child’s race (White) a	2.445	[1.27, 4.70]	.007	1.331	[.86, 2.06]	.198
Poverty (< federal poverty level)	1.062	[.63, 1.81]	.823	.765	[.55, 1.07]	.116
Peer cigarette smoking	2.300	[1.01, 5.28]	.049	1.644	[.87, 3.10]	.124
Family cigarette smoking	1.525	[.86, 2.72]	.153	1.277	[.91, 1.80]	.160
LONSCAN siteb
Midwest	1.132	[.41, 3.17]	.813	1.319	[.78, 2.25]	.307
Northwest	1.225	[.45, 3.33]	.690	1.444	[.81, 2.56]	.208
Southwest	1.776	[.69, 4.56]	.232	1.932	[1.15, 3.26]	.014
South	4.098	[1.67, 10.04]	.002	2.451	[1.45,4.15]	.001

Note. OR= odds ratio

^aNon-White is the reference group

^bEast is the reference group.