Table 2.

Baseline Mean ESAS Score of Patients Participating in Tai Chi and Qi Gong.

Symptoms	Patients			Caregivers
	Tai Chi, meana (SD)	Qi Gong, mean (SD)	P b	Tai Chi, mean (SD)	Qi Gong, mean (SD)	P b
Anxiety	1.65 (2.14)	2.04 (2.51)	<.506	1.15 (1.85)	1.75 (2.19)	.153
Appetite	1.63 (2.11)	2.67 (2.64)	.010	1.46 (2.29)	1.44 (2.55)	.783
Depression	1.13 (1.78)	1.58 (2.28)	.303	1.02 (1.86)	1.1 (1.96)	.851
Drowsiness	1.15 (1.97)	2.44 (2.79)	.003	0.81 (1.64)	0.88 (1.73)	.956
Fatigue	2.43 (2.17)	3.72 (2.51)	.001	2.06 (2.23)	2.25 (2.21)	.521
Nausea	0.36 (1.25)	0.69 (1.70)	.098	0.22 (0.98)	0.25 (1.15)	.700
Pain	1.81 (2.05)	2.14 (2.41)	.480	1.17 (1.7)	0.98 (1.66)	.507
Shortness of breath	0.97 (1.72)	1.42 (2.16)	.203	0.67 (1.54)	0.83 (1.95)	.751
Sleep	3.08 (2.57)	3.84 (2.78)	.098	2.48 (2.95)	2.73 (2.47)	.277
Well-being	2.59 (2.20)	3.01 (2.28)	.207	1.83 (1.98)	2.71 (2.79)	.172
PHSc	8.24 (7.60)	12.96 (10.34)	.001	6.35 (6.83)	6.60 (7.99)	.876
PSSc	2.78 (3.64)	3.63 (4.60)	.468	2.17 (3.58)	2.85 (3.92)	.241
GDSc	13.53 (11.24)	19.5 6(15.33)	.004	10.35 (10.44)	12.15 (13.2)	.475

Abbreviations: ESAS, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System; SD, standard deviation; PHS, Physical Distress Score; PSS, Psychological Distress Score; GDS, GLOBAL DISTRESS SCORE.

^aFor all symptoms, a score change of ≥1 is considered clinically significant. For predetermined subscales, clinical significance is defined as score changes ≥3 for GDS and ≥2 for PHS and PSS.

^bIndicates P value for differences between Tai Chi and Qi Gong.

^cPHS equals the sum of pain, fatigue, nausea, drowsiness, appetite, and shortness of breath scores (total 0-60); PSS equals the sum of depression and anxiety scores (total 0-20); and GDS equals the sum of pain, fatigue, nausea, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, appetite, sense of well-being, and shortness of breath scores (total 0-90).