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. 2020 Jul 21;10:12096. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-68994-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunofluorescence assay using 53BP1 foci. (A-C) Image panels of the three cell lines with 0 Gy and 2 Gy doses, and with or without GNPs. The nuclei are marked in blue while 53BP1 are marked in green. The green dots present in the nuclei are the foci, while the excess staining seen outside the nuclei is a non-specific fluorescence signal. (D-F) Quantitative data of the number of foci per nuclei, gathered from a minimum 50 cells. * represents a significant difference as described in “Materials and methods” section. Further images are available in Supplement S6A–C. Experiments were repeated three times and the data presented is the average. The error bars represent standard error. Scale bar = 20 µm.