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. 2020 May 18;123(2):207–215. doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-0882-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The incidence of colitis in single vs. combination immunotherapy (9% vs. 32%; Fisher’s exact test: p < 0.0001). b Onset of colitis after immunotherapy initiation (median 40 days in combination therapy vs. 68 days in monotherapy; Mann−Whitney test: p = 0.001). c 22% or 29 patients required infliximab for resolution of their colitis. Median duration of steroids in those who were treated with steroids alone was 50 days. d Number of patients requiring steroids monotherapy vs. steroids plus infliximab rescue therapy for treatment of their colitis; subdivided by immunotherapy regimen. Percentages requiring infliximab denoted in figure. Chi-squared test: p = 0.005 for difference between the CTLA4 and the combination therapy groups. e Mean duration of steroids in patients whose colitis responded to steroid monotherapy alone (patients requiring infliximab excluded); subdivided by immunotherapy regimen (median 56 days in anti-CTLA-4, 25 days in anti-PD-1, 54 days in combination; ANOVA: p = 0.04) (N.B. Data unavailable for 50% of patients in the aCTLA4 cohort).