Table 1.

Patient demographics and clinical characteristics.

Characteristic	Surgery		Non-surgery		p-value
	(n)	(%)	(n)	(%)
Age:
Young (≤ 49 years)	252	20.8	1510	16.1	< 0.001
Middle age (50–73 years)	686	56.6	5407	57.6
Elderly (≥ 74 years)	273	22.5	252	20.8
Sex:
Female	520	42.9	3302	35.2	< 0.001
Male	691	57.1	6085	64.8
Race:
Black	181	14.9	1275	13.6	< 0.001
White	799	66.0	6772	72.1
Other	225	18.6	1292	13.8
Unknown	252	20.8	252	20.8
T stage:
T0	2	0.2	52	0.6	< 0.001
T1	76	6.3	1656	17.6
T2	62	5.1	460	4.9
T3	357	29.5	1104	11.8
T4	630	52.0	1654	17.6
TX	84	6.9	4461	47.5
N stage:
N0	333	27.5	3553	37.9	< 0.001
N1	265	21.9	3324	35.4
N2	194	16.0	357	3.8
N3	375	31.0	242	2.6
Unknown	44	3.6	1911	20.4
Lymph node:
Resection	908	75.0	90	1.0	< 0.001
Biopsy	10	0.8	155	1.7
None	281	23.2	9070	96.6
Unknown	12	1.0	72	0.8
Chemotherapy:
Yes	739	61.0	5392	57.4	0.017
No	472	39.0	3995	42.6
Radiotherapy:
Yes	177	14.6	1452	15.5	0.024
No	1	0.1	67	0.7
Unknown	1033	85.3	7868	83.8