Table 4.

Analysis of prognostic risk factors in different groups.

Characteristic	Surgery		Non-surgery
	Hazard ratio	p-value	Hazard ratio	p-value
Age:
Young (≤ 49 years)	1	< 0.001	1	< 0.001
Middle age (50–73 years)	1.043	0.641	1.001	0.983
Elderly (≥ 74 years)	1.218	0.069	1.199	< 0.001
Sex:		0.512		0.148
Female	1		1
Male	1.048		1.035
Race:
Black	1	0.331	1	0.108
White	1.099	0.348	0.992	0.814
Other	0.934	0.584	0.920	0.055
Unknown	0.001	0.927	0.727	0.401
T stage:
T0	1	< 0.001	1	< 0.001
T1	0.672	0.695	0.909	0.538
T2	0.414	0.387	0.711	0.035
T3	0.589	0.600	0.765	0.088
T4	0.792	0.817	0.931	0.647
TX	0.837	0.861	0.887	0.433
N stage:
N0	1	< 0.001	1	0.002
N1	1.776	< 0.001	1.026	0.339
N2	2.085	< 0.001	1.050	0.444
N3	2.421	< 0.001	1.106	0.180
Unknown	1.947	0.002	1.134	< 0.001
Lymph node:
Resection	1	0.002	1	0.108
Biopsy	1.161	0.720	1.381	0.029
None	1.530	< 0.001	1.315	0.020
Unknown	1.618	0.181	1.413	0.041
Chemotherapy:		< 0.001		< 0.001
Yes	1		1
No	1.990		2.999
Radiotherapy:
Yes	1	0.595	1	0.431
No	2.736	0.321	1.175	0.229
Unknown	0.988	0.902	1.024	0.466