Table 4.

Minimum standard of PPE for any staff caring for a patient with confirmed/suspected COVID-19

Recommended PPE	Why
NIOSH-certified N95 respirator	Filters at least 95% of airborne particles but is not resistant to oil
Eye protection (either goggles or full-face shield)	To avoid contact of droplets with mucosa and conjunctiva
Cap	To avoid contact with contaminated surfaces or biological liquids
Gown	To avoid contact with contaminated surfaces or biological liquids
Gloves (Double gloves may be considered and the outer pair should be changed when contaminated.)	To avoid contact with contaminated surfaces or biological liquids
Powered air-purifying respirator	Especially in aerosol generating procedures (such as during induction of anaesthesia and intubation) when available

NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; PPE = personal protective equipment