Table 1:

PICO questions, outcomes, and evidence needed to inform PICO questions

PICO Question	Patient-Important Outcomes	Evidence needed to inform PICO questions
1. Among patients with GIM, does testing for H. pylori and treating if positive vs no testing affect outcomes?	Early cancer detection Reduced gastric cancer morbidity/mortality Endoscopy complications Costs Psychological harms	1. Incidence and prevalence of GIM in the US population 2. Incidence of stomach cancer in the general population 3. Prevalence of concurrent stomach cancer in patients with GIM 4. Incidence of stomach cancer in patients with GIM after GIM diagnosis 5. Risk of progression to gastric cancer in patients with GIM  Subgroups: Family history of gastric cancer, Race/Ethnicity, smoking status, histologic features, extent of GIM, biomarkers. 6. Potential adverse consequences of performing surveillance upper endoscopy for patients with GIM 7. Benefits of performing surveillance upper endoscopy for patients with GIM
2. Among patients with GIM who are identified as low risk, does subsequent upper endoscopic surveillance vs no follow up affect outcomes?
3. Among patients with GIM who are identified as high risk, does subsequent upper endoscopic surveillance vs no follow up affect outcomes?
4. Among patients with GIM without dysplasia does short term upper endoscopic follow up (< 1 year) to determine the extent (using biopsies) of GIM vs no short term follow up affect outcomes?