TABLE 2.

Multivariate adjusted association of thalamic volume and covariates with speed of heart rate recovery (HRR_10|30s) in ordinary least squares regression (N = 430)

	Coeff.	[95% CI]
Thalamus (cm3)	−0.82 **	[−1.49, −0.13]
Covariates
eTIV	0.00	[0.00, 0.00]
Age (years)	0.16**	[0.04, 0.27]
Female sex	−1.08	[−2.76, 0.60]
Educational status
Primary	REF	‐
Secondary	0.52	[−1.28, 2.33]
Tertiary	0.99	[−0.80, 2.78]
MAP‐60s|30s	−0.09***	[−0.14,‐0.00]
Anti‐hypertensive medication	1.23	[−0.15, 2.69]
Cardiovascular disease status
None	REF	‐
One+ CVDEs	−0.88	[−3.54, 1.78]
BMI	−0.27***	[−0.42, −0.12]
Diabetes	0.81	[−1.80, 3.40]
Physical activity (IPAQ)
Low	REF	‐
Medium	−0.17	[−1.70, 1.36]
High	−0.53	[−2.29, 1.23]
Time up and go	0.19	[−0.21, 0.61]
Smoking history
Never smoked	REF	‐
Past smoker <30 years	0.13	[−1.35, 1.61]
Past smoker >30 years	1.14	[−0.91, 3.20]
Current smoker <30 years	5.58*	[−1.20, 12.36]
Current smoker >30 years	3.43*	[0.45, 6.41]
Alcohol intake (CAGE)
Not problematic	REF	‐
Problematic	−0.49	[−2.77, 1.78]
Depression	0.21*	[0.00, 0.40]

Note: In this multivariable linear regression analysis, the speed of heart rate recovery between 10 and 30 s (HRR_10|30s) was set as the dependent variable and thalamic volume as the primary predictor variable. Our model was adjusted for the 14 covariates described below.

Abbreviation: REF, reference category.

^***Significant at the .001 level.

^**Significant at the .01 level.

^*Significant at the .05 level.