Table 1.

Suprabasal (incremental) area under the curves (AUC) for levels of glucose, insulin, C‐peptide, glucagon, GIP and GLP‐1 and estimated insulin clearance during 0‐30 min (early), 30‐300 min (late) and the entire 0‐300 min period (total) and OGIS, GSIS and adaptation index after dinner ingestion when breakfast and lunch or only breakfast had been ingested before the dinner on the same day

	Breakfast and lunch	Breakfast only, no lunch	P
AUCglucose (mmol/L min)
Total	243 ± 35	215 ± 43	.52
Early	37.8 ± 4.9	30.2 ± 2.9	.31
Late	204 ± 35	185 ± 42	.62
AUCinsulin (nmol/L min)
Total	38.1 ± 3.3	38.9 ± 2.6	.64
Early	4.2 ± 0.6	4.7 ± 0.7	.19
Late	33.9 ± 3.0	34.1 ± 2.3	.76
AUCC‐peptide (nmol/L min)
Total	251 ± 13	317 ± 21	.27
Early	14.6 ± 1.6	19.0 ± 3.0	.092
Late	236 ± 13	298 ± 20	.039
AUCglucagon (pmol/L min)
Total	805 ± 317	824 ± 425	.25
Early	175 ± 50	190 ± 46	.55
Late	650 ± 286	615 ± 433	.85
AUCGIP (nmol/L min)
Total	11.4 ± 1.8	13.7 ± 2.3	.27
Early	0.86 ± 0.15	1.13 ± 0.19	.13
Late	10.6 ± 1.8	13.4 ± 2.4	.32
AUCGLP‐1 (nmol/L min)
Total	0.82 ± 0.36	1.01 ± 0.43	.88
Early	0.18 ± 0.042	0.14 ± 0.039	.48
Late	0.64 ± 0.32	0.87 ± 0.41	.31
Insulin clearance (% extraction)
Total	85.1 ± 1.1	87.5 ± 0.9	.11
Early	72.2 ± 0.9	74.1 ± 0.8	.18
Late	85.4 ± 0.9	90.2 ± 0.7	.04
OGIS (mL/min/m2)	477 ± 19	486 ± 9	.65
GSIS (nmol/mmol)	0.82 ± 0.24	1.03 ± 0.18	.38
Adaptation index (OGIS × GSIS)	384 ± 115	511 ± 98	.23

OGIS (a surrogate for insulin sensitivity), glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS; 30 min increase in C‐peptide divided by the 30 min increase in glucose) and adaptation index (OGIS times GSIS) after dinner ingestion when breakfast and lunch or only breakfast had been ingested before the dinner on the same day. The study was undertaken in 12 healthy male volunteers. Means ± SEM are shown. P shows the probability level of random difference between the two tests as obtained by paired Student's t test.