TABLE 1.

Amygdala subnuclei connectivity, behavior, and mood episode associations

Amygdala subnuclei	Postmortem/functional connectivity	Anatomical connectivity
Basal	Enlarged in BSD compared to healthy individuals (Rosso et al., 2007), mania connectivity (Chang et al., 2005; DelBello et al., 2004)	Para/hippocampus, rostral ACC, mOFC, occipital, insula, subnucleus accumbens, and frontal areas (Forde et al., 2015; Anticevic et al., 2013; Torrisi et al., 2013; Chai et al., 2011)
Lateral	Enlarged in BSD compared to healthy individuals, (Fournier et al., 2013; Getz et al., 2002) schizophrenia (Mori et al., 2017), and major depression (Rubinow et al., 2016; Stefanacci & Amaral, 2000)	Temporal pole, fusiform, lOFC, superior temporal, inferior temporal (Brady et al., 2016; Spielberg et al., 2016; Anticevic et al., 2013)
Medial	Abnormal BSD compared to major Depression (Blumberg et al. 2005; Blumberg et al., 2006; Stefanacci et al., 2002) and schizophrenia; (Fournier et al., 2013; Endicott & Spitzer, 1978) associated with hypomanic risk traits (Damme et al., 2017)	Striatal and hippocampal regions (Anticevic et al., 2013; Brady et al., 2016; Brady, Margolis, Masters, Keshavan, & Öngür, 2017; Spielberg et al., 2016)
Central	‐	Hypothalamus, basal forebrain, and brainstem (Brady et al., 2016; Forde et al., 2015; Manelis et al., 2016; Roberts et al., 2017; Spielberg et al., 2016)

Abbreviations: ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; BSD, bipolar spectrum disorder; mOFC, medial orbitofrontal cortex; lOFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex.