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. 2020 May 9;41(12):3358–3369. doi: 10.1002/hbm.25021

TABLE 2.

Demographic and clinical features of the sample

Demographics Low‐risk High‐risk BSD Total Statistics p‐value
Sample size (n) 37 47 30 114
Age—M(StD) 21.11(2.04) 20.64(2.03) 21.33(2.36) 20.71(2.00) F(1,113) = 2.6 p = .11
Gender (% female) 51% 43% 50% 47% χ2(113) = 0.59 p = .75
Familial bipolar diagnosis 2.70% 6.38% 0.00% 3.51%
Comorbid diagnoses Low‐risk High‐risk BSD Total χ2 p‐value
Depression 45.95% 57.45% NA 39.47% 22.74 >.0001
Anxiety disorder 21.62% 29.79% 36.67% 28.95% 1.85 .39
ADHD 0.00% 8.51% 3.33% 4.39% 3.78 .15
Substance use disorder 18.92% 17.02% 30.00% 21.05% 1.9 .39

Note: Familial bipolar diagnosis includes any person with a first‐ or second‐degree relative; Depression category includes any depressive diagnosis (e.g., dysthymia, major depression, depression not otherwise).

Abbreviations: BSD, bipolar spectrum disorder; NA, not applicable as depression symptoms are contained within the BSD diagnosis.