Table 2.

High‐Frequency Sea‐Level Phenomena

Phenomenon	Definition
Astronomical tides	fluid motion caused by the predictable orbits of the Earth and Moon
Storm surge	large‐scale motion generated by atmospheric weather systems such as hurricanes, typhoons, and extra‐tropical cyclones
Wave setup	increased coastal sea level generated by offshore breaking waves
Wind waves	waves, sometimes large, generated by wind
Ocean Swell	long‐period waves generated by remote wind or storms
Wave run‐up	wave‐driven motion at the shoreline, relevant to erosion and overtopping of coastal defenses