Table 1.
The overview of so far reported biosensing works dealing with virus detection on graphene-based materials.
| Virus | Method of detection | Material | LoD | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza virus A (H1N1) | optical | G/Au-FeXOYNPs | 7.27 fg mL−1 | Lee et al. (2018) |
| Influenza virus A (H1N1) | electro | rGO/AuNPs | 10−8U mL−1 | Anik et al. (2018) |
| Influenza virus A (H1N1) | electro | rGO | 0.5 PFU mL−1 | Singh et al. (2017) |
| Influenza virus A (H1N1) | electro | rGO | 33 PFU mL−1 | Joshi et al. (2020) |
| Influenza virus A (H1N1) | electro | GO | 8 pM | Veerapandian et al. (2016) |
| Influenza virus A (H1N1) | optical | rGO | 3.8 pg mL−1 | Jeong et al. (2018) |
| Influenza virus A (H5N1) | electro | rGO | 5 pM | Chan et al. (2017) |
| Influenza virus H7 (AIV H7) | electro | G/AuNPs | 1.6 pg mL−1 | Huang et al. (2016) |
| Ebola virus | optical | GO | 1.4 pM | Wen et al. (2016) |
| Ebola virus | electro | rGO | 2.4 pg mL−1 | Jin et al. (2019) |
| Ebola virus | electro | rGO | 1 μg mL−1 | Maity et al. (2018) |
| Dengue virus | electro | GO | 0.12 PFU mL−1 | Navakul et al. (2017) |
| Dengue virus | optical | CdSQDs-NH2-GO | 1 pM | Omar et al. (2019) |
| Dengue virus | optical | rGO | 0.08 pM | Omar et al., 2020a, Omar et al., 2020b |
| Dengue virus | optical/electro | GO/Ru | 0.38 ng mL−1 | Kanagavalli and Veerapandian (2020) |
| Dengue virus | electro | GO/APTES | 1 fM | Jin et al. (2016) |
| Dengue virus | optical | rGO/PAMAM | 0.08 pM | Omar et al., 2020a, Omar et al., 2020b |
| Hepatitis C virus | electro | GQDs-SH/Ag | 3 fg mL−1 | Valipour and Roushani (2017) |
| Hepatitis C virus | optical | GO | NA | Kim et al. (2013) |
| Hepatitis C virus | optical | rGO | 10 fM | Fan et al. (2019) |
| Hepatitis C virus | electro | rGO/CuNPs | 0.4 nM | J. Li et al. (2020a) |
| Hepatitis C virus | electro | GO | 0.2 nM | Jiang et al. (2020) |
| SARS-COV-2 | electro | G | 1.6 PFU mL−1 | Seo et al. (2020) |
| ZIKA virus | electro | G/CVD | 0.5 nM | Afsahi et al. (2018) |
| HIV | electro | GO | 8.3 fM | Nehra et al. (2017) |
| HIV | electro | G/AuNPs | 30 aM | Y. Wang et al. (2015b) |
| HIV | electro | G/CVD | 0.1 ng mL−1 | Islam et al. (2019) |
| HIV | optical | GO | 0.4 nM | Wang et al. (2016) |
| HIV | optical | BN-SGQDs | 0.5 nM | Li et al. (2017b) |
| HIV | electro | GO/PANi | 100 aM | Q. Gong et al. (2019) |
| Rotavirus | optical | rGO | 102 PFU mL−1 | Liu et al. (2013) |
| Rotavirus | electro | GO | 103 PFU mL−1 | Liu et al. (2011) |
| Rotavirus | optical | GO | NA | Fan et al. (2014) |
| Hepatitis Bvirus | electro | GO | 0.1 ng mL−1 | Zhao et al. (2017) |
| Hepatitis B virus | electro | rGO/AuNPs | 3.8 ng mL−1 | Abd Muain et al. (2018) |
| Hepatitis B virus | electro | GQDs | 1 nM | Xiang et al. (2018) |
“NA” stands for not available.