Table 3. Clinical and laboratory findings at presentation, stratified by Indigenous status.
| Variable | Indigenous n = 145 | Non- Indigenous n = 297 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 99 (89–118) | 97 (81–114) | 0.28 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 107 (94–118) | 106 (94–122) | 0.42 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 73 (66–82) | 72 (65–83) | 0.50 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.8 (36.5–37.4) | 36.9 (36.5–37.3) | 0.53 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 20 (17–26) | 20 (16–25) | 0.99 |
| Glasgow Coma Score | 15 (14–15) | 15 (14–15) | 0.98 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 6.9 (5.0–9.4) | 6.6 (5.4–8.5) | 0.96 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.1–3.0) | 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | 0.29 |
| pH | 7.36 (7.24–7.42) | 7.37 (7.30–7.43) | 0.13 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 291 (194–398) | 269 (158–375) | 0.02 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 34 (27–39) | 34 (29–42) | 0.0496 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 18 (15–21) | 20 (17–23) | 0.001 |
| Base excess (mmol/L) | -6.2 (-10.9 to -2.8) | -4.5 (-8.4 to -2.2) | 0.004 |
| Anion gap | 9 (7–12) | 9 (7–12) | 0.44 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 100 (87–122) | 111 (93–124) | 0.007 |
| White cell count (x109/L) | 13.8 (9.3–21.9) | 13.8 (7.9–22.2) | 0.67 |
| Neutrophils (x109/L) | 10.7 (7.1–19.2) | 11.6 (6.2–19.4) | 0.80 |
| Eosinophils (x109/L) | 0 (0–0.1) | 0(0–0) | 0.001 |
| Platelets (x109/L) | 170 (111–257) | 160 (101–236) | 0.17 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L)) | 165 (67–295) | 172 (85–286) | 0.57 |
| Troponin I (ng/mL) | 0.07 (0.04–0.39) | 0.11 (0.04–0.43) | 0.85 |
| Prothrombin (seconds) | 16 (14–21) | 16 (14–18) | 0.07 |
| APTT (seconds) | 39 (34–47) | 36 (31–40) | 0.0001 |
| INR | 1.5 (1.3–1.9) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 0.03 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 6.2 (4.6–8.3) | 6.6 (4.9–8.2) | 0.35 |
| Total Bilirubin (μmol/L) | 18 (12–31) | 20 (13–31) | 0.31 |
| Conjugated bilirubin (μmol/L) | 8 (4–19) | 7 (4–15) | 0.43 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 24 (20–27) | 25 (22–29) | 0.007 |
| Protein (g/L) | 58 (52–65) | 52 (48–60) | 0.0001 |
| AST (IU/mL) | 45 (21–104) | 52 (27–106) | 0.12 |
| ALT (IU/mL) | 25 (12–42) | 35 (20–65) | 0.0001 |
| GGT (IU/mL) | 41 (22–65) | 51 (26–94) | 0.01 |
| ALP (IU/mL) | 91 (69–134) | 82 (57–119) | 0.01 |
| LDH (IU/mL) | 333 (248–482) | 329 (239–439) | 0.43 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 133 (131–137) | 135 (133–138) | 0.0004 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.1 (3.6–4.8) | 4.0 (3.7–4.5) | 0.31 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 104 (99–109) | 104 (100–108) | 0.92 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 162 (87–403) | 118 (75–190) | 0.0003 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 29 (11–65) | 49 (24–80) | 0.0002 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.2 (2.1–2.3) | 2.2 (2.1–2.3) | 0.99 |
| Magnesium (mmol/L) | 0.73 (0.66–0.87) | 0.75 (0.65–0.88) | 0.48 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 0.0001 |
Median (Interquartile range) presented. PaO2/FiO2: ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 in mmHg) to fractional inspired oxygen. PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure. APTT: activated partial thromboplastin time; INR: International normalised ratio; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.