Table 3. IRRs for any antidepressant by age and sex fully adjusted for all variables shown and accounting for clustering by GP practice, England 1998–2017.
| 5–11 Years | 12–17 Years | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | Males | Females | Males | ||||||||||
| IRR | 95% CI | p | IRR | 95% CI | p | IRR | 95% CI | p | IRR | 95% CI | p | ||
| Trends within periods (per year) | 1998–2002 | 0.92 | (0.87–0.97) | 0.001 | 0.87 | (0.84–0.90) | <0.001 | 1.10 | (1.08–1.12) | <0.001 | 1.08 | (1.05–1.10) | <0.001 |
| 2002–2005 | 0.78 | (0.73–0.84) | <0.001 | 0.78 | (0.74–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.76 | (0.74–0.77) | <0.001 | 0.77 | (0.74–0.79) | <0.001 | |
| 2005–2008 | 0.92 | (0.85–0.98) | 0.015 | 0.91 | (0.86–0.96) | <0.001 | 1.03 | (1.01–1.05) | 0.002 | 1.01 | (0.98–1.04) | 0.397 | |
| 2008–2017 | 0.97 | (0.95–1.00) | 0.036 | 0.95 | (0.94–0.97) | <0.001 | 1.09 | (1.08–1.09) | <0.001 | 1.08 | (1.08–1.09) | <0.001 | |
| Townsend deprivation quintile | Q1 (least deprived) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Q2 | 1.09 | (0.95–1.24) | 0.226 | 0.96 | (0.87–1.06) | 0.432 | 1.15 | (1.11–1.18) | <0.001 | 1.14 | (1.09–1.20) | <0.001 | |
| Q3 | 1.09 | (0.95–1.26) | 0.223 | 1.11 | (1.00–1.23) | 0.053 | 1.30 | (1.26–1.35) | <0.001 | 1.23 | (1.17–1.30) | <0.001 | |
| Q4 | 1.25 | (1.08–1.46) | 0.004 | 1.18 | (1.05–1.32) | 0.005 | 1.46 | (1.40–1.52) | <0.001 | 1.37 | (1.29–1.45) | <0.001 | |
| Q5 (most deprived) | 1.33 | (1.11–1.59) | 0.002 | 1.13 | (0.98–1.30) | 0.089 | 1.48 | (1.41–1.55) | <0.001 | 1.29 | (1.20–1.39) | <0.001 | |
| Not known | 1.51 | (0.67–3.39) | 0.315 | 1.27 | (0.66–2.45) | 0.480 | 1.12 | (0.88–1.44) | 0.349 | 1.18 | (0.79–1.76) | 0.428 | |
| Deprivation trend (excluding not known) | 1.07 | (1.03–1.12) | 0.001 | 1.05 | (1.02–1.08) | 0.002 | 1.12 | (1.11–1.13) | <0.001 | 1.08 | (1.07–1.10) | <0.001 | |
| Region | East Midlands | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| East of England | 0.71 | (0.49–1.04) | 0.077 | 0.77 | (0.56–1.07) | 0.116 | 1.18 | (1.02–1.36) | 0.027 | 1.12 | (0.95–1.32) | 0.191 | |
| London | 0.50 | (0.37–0.69) | <0.001 | 0.48 | (0.37–0.63) | <0.001 | 0.44 | (0.39–0.49) | <0.001 | 0.52 | (0.45–0.60) | <0.001 | |
| North East | 0.93 | (0.61–1.40) | 0.716 | 0.86 | (0.60–1.24) | 0.422 | 0.76 | (0.64–0.89) | 0.001 | 0.75 | (0.62–0.91) | 0.004 | |
| North West | 0.74 | (0.54–1.01) | 0.062 | 0.66 | (0.50–0.87) | 0.003 | 0.81 | (0.72–0.91) | 0.001 | 0.90 | (0.78–1.04) | 0.153 | |
| South East | 1.03 | (0.76–1.39) | 0.861 | 1.08 | (0.83–1.40) | 0.570 | 1.20 | (1.06–1.35) | 0.003 | 1.29 | (1.12–1.48) | <0.001 | |
| South West | 0.87 | (0.63–1.22) | 0.422 | 0.83 | (0.62–1.11) | 0.205 | 1.10 | (0.96–1.25) | 0.162 | 1.02 | (0.87–1.19) | 0.827 | |
| West Midlands | 0.80 | (0.57–1.11) | 0.174 | 0.82 | (0.62–1.09) | 0.173 | 0.86 | (0.76–0.98) | 0.024 | 0.94 | (0.81–1.09) | 0.433 | |
| Yorkshire & Humber | 0.99 | (0.68–1.45) | 0.971 | 0.98 | (0.71–1.36) | 0.913 | 0.81 | (0.69–0.94) | 0.006 | 0.77 | (0.65–0.93) | 0.006 | |
| Ethnic group | White | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
| Mixed | 0.75 | (0.50–1.15) | 0.187 | 0.85 | (0.62–1.17) | 0.319 | 0.66 | (0.59–0.74) | <0.001 | 0.81 | (0.70–0.94) | 0.007 | |
| Asian | 0.70 | (0.54–0.89) | 0.004 | 0.64 | (0.52–0.78) | <0.001 | 0.41 | (0.38–0.44) | <0.001 | 0.47 | (0.42–0.52) | <0.001 | |
| Black | 0.71 | (0.51–0.98) | 0.038 | 0.56 | (0.42–0.75) | <0.001 | 0.32 | (0.29–0.36) | <0.001 | 0.32 | (0.27–0.38) | <0.001 | |
| Chinese/Other | 0.49 | (0.26–0.91) | 0.025 | 0.47 | (0.28–0.79) | 0.004 | 0.44 | (0.38–0.51) | <0.001 | 0.57 | (0.47–0.69) | <0.001 | |
| Not known | 0.52 | (0.47–0.58) | <0.001 | 0.54 | (0.49–0.58) | <0.001 | 0.45 | (0.44–0.46) | <0.001 | 0.41 | (0.39–0.42) | <0.001 | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GP, general practitioner; IRR, incidence rate ratio.