Table 1.
Characteristics of the Trial Participants at Baseline.*
| Characteristic | Placebo (N = 263) | Allopurinol (N = 267) | Total (N = 530) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age — yr | 51.8±10.6 | 50.4±11.2 | 51.1±10.9 |
| Male sex — no. (%) | 168 (63.9) | 183 (68.5) | 351 (66.2) |
| Race — no. (%)† | |||
| White | 216 (82.1) | 230 (86.1) | 446 (84.2) |
| Black | 30 (11.4) | 28 (10.5) | 58 (10.9) |
| Other | 17 (6.5) | 9 (3.4) | 26 (4.9) |
| Diabetes duration — yr | 35.3±12.5 | 33.8±12.2 | 34.6±12.3 |
| Body-mass index | 29.5±5.9 | 29.5±6.1 | 29.5±6.0 |
| Glycated hemoglobin — % | 8.2±1.3 | 8.2±1.3 | 8.2±1.3 |
| Serum urate — mg/dl‡ | 6.1±1.5 | 6.1±1.5 | 6.1±1.5 |
| Blood pressure — mm Hg‡ | |||
| Systolic | 126.3±13.6 | 125.6±14.7 | 126.0±14.2 |
| Diastolic | 71.3±10.0 | 71.2±10.4 | 71.2±10.2 |
| Iohexol-based GFR — ml/min/1.73 m2‡ | 67.3±16.7 | 68.7±17.1 | 68.0±16.9 |
| Serum creatinine–based estimated GFR — ml/min/1.73 m2‡ | 74.0±19.4 | 75.4±18.7 | 74.7±19.1 |
| Median urinary albumin excretion rate (IQR) — µg/min§ | 43.0 (9.0–198.0) | 41.1 (7.7–216.0) | 41.6 (8.5–207.5) |
| Use of renin–angiotensin system inhibitor — no. (%) | 230 (87.5) | 247 (92.5) | 477 (90.0) |
Plus–minus values are means ±SD. Data on body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) were missing for three participants in the placebo group and for two in the allopurinol group, on the glycated hemoglobin level for two in the allopurinol group, on the iohexol-based glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for one in the placebo group, and on the urinary albumin excretion rate for two in the placebo group. To convert the values for serum urate to micromoles per liter, multiply by 59.48. IQR denotes interquartile range.
Race was reported by the patient.
Values were obtained at the visit before randomization.
The values are based on geometric means of the albumin excretion rates obtained at the two visits before randomization.