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Possible routes of oral bacteria transmigration from the mouth to the gut. The diagram depicts possible routes of oral bacteria transmigration from the oral cavity to the gut and potential factors contributing to the ectopic colonization of oral bacteria in the gut. Laboratory and clinical studies discussed in this review reveal 2 possible routes: hematogenous (red) and enteral (blue). *Enterobacter aerogenes was renamed Klebsiella aerogenes in 2017.
