Table 1.
Oral Bacteria Found in the Gut of Patients with Gut Pathology.
Percentage Abundance in Healthy Individuals | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gut Pathology: Oral Bacterial Species Detected in the Guta | Sample Type | Saliva | Gingiva | Buccal | Stool |
Irritable bowel syndrome | |||||
Streptococcus (genus) | Stool | 13.94 | 10.04 | 51.49 | 0.04 |
Streptococcus thermophilus | Stool | 2.63b | 0.10b | 1.92b | 0.01b |
Veillonella (genus) | Stool | 11.64 | 3.91 | 3.35 | 0.08 |
Haemophilus (genus) | Stool | 12.65 | 4.06 | 15.12 | 0.07 |
Prevotella (genus) | Stool | 13.01 | 8.79 | 2.27 | 3.4 |
Fusobacterium (genus) | Stool | 6.42 | 13.75 | 2.54 | 0.06 |
Dialister invisus | Stool | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.67 |
Gammaproteobacteria (class) | Stool | 13.7 | 6.13 | 15.89 | 0.24 |
Enterobacteriaceae (family) | Stool | 0.01 | <0.005 | <0.005 | 0.01 |
Inflammatory bowel disease | |||||
Veillonellaceae (family) | Tissue | 12.7 | 4.5 | 3.47 | 0.94 |
Pasteurellaceae (family) | Tissue | 13.61 | 5.83 | 15.83 | 0.07 |
Neisseriaceae (family) | Tissue | 6.57 | 6.07 | 3.34 | <0.005 |
Peptostreptococcaceae (family) | Tissue | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
Atopobium parvulum | Tissue | 0.42 | 0.05 | 0.06 | <0.005 |
Fusobacteriaceae (family) | Stool, tissue | 6.42 | 13.75 | 2.54 | 0.06 |
Fusobacterium varium | Tissue | <0.005 | ND | ND | 0.02 |
Campylobacter (genus) | Tissue | 1.93 | 0.99 | 0.2 | <0.005 |
Campylobacter concisus | Stool, tissue | 1.66 | 0.1 | 0.01 | <0.005b |
Aggregatibacter segnis | Stool | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.02 | <0.005 |
Streptococcus (genus) | Stool, tissue | 13.94 | 10.04 | 51.49 | 0.04 |
Streptococcus anginosus | Stool | <0.005b | 0.02b | 0.05b | <0.005b |
Gemellaceae (family) | Stool, tissue | 0.87 | 0.53 | 6.32 | <0.005 |
Enterobacteriaceae (family) | Stool, tissue | 0.01 | <0.005 | <0.005 | 0.01 |
Escherichia coli | Stool, tissue | 0.01b | <0.005 | <0.005b | <0.005 |
Colorectal cancer | |||||
Porphyromonas (genus) | Stool, rectal swab | 4.67 | 3.6 | 2.66 | <0.005 |
Porphyromonas gingivalis | Stool | <0.005 | 0.01 | <0.005 | <0.005 |
Porphyromonas uenonis | Stool | ND | ND | ND | ND |
Fusobacterium (genus) | Tissue, rectal swab | 6.42 | 13.75 | 2.54 | 0.06 |
Fusobacterium nucleatum | Stool | 0.78 | 8.45 | 0.38 | <0.005 |
Streptococcus (genus) | Stool | 13.94 | 10.04 | 51.49 | 0.04 |
Peptostreptococcaceae (family) | Stool, rectal swab | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
Peptostreptococcus stomatis | Stool | 0.3 | 0.08 | 0.05 | <0.005 |
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius | Stool | <0.005 | <0.005b | <0.005b | <0.005 |
Prevotella (genus) | Stool | 13.01 | 8.79 | 2.27 | 3.4 |
Prevotella intermedia | Stool | 0.13 | 0.66 | 0.04 | ND |
Gemella morbillorum | Stool, rectal swab | 0.87b | 0.53b | 6.32b | <0.005b |
Solobacterium moorei | Stool | 0.01 | <0.005 | <0.005 | <0.005 |
Atopobium parvulum | Stool | 0.42 | 0.05 | 0.06 | <0.005 |
Actinomyces odontolyticus | Stool | 1.43 | 0.16 | 0.49 | <0.005 |
Parvimonas micra | Stool | 0.16 | 0.51 | 0.05 | <0.005 |
Escherichia coli | Stool, tissue | 0.01b | <0.005 | <0.005b | <0.005 |
Klebsiella (genus) | Stool | <0.005 | <0.005 | <0.005 | <0.005 |
Helicobacter pylori | Tissue | <0.005 | <0.005 | <0.005 | <0.005 |
Mogibacterium | Stool | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.02 | <0.005 |
Dialister pneumosintes | Tissue | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.01 | <0.005 |
Celiac disease | |||||
Staphylococcus (genus) | Stool | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.19 |
Staphylococcus epidermidis | Tissue | 0.01b | 0.01b | 0.01b | 0.19b |
Enterobacteriaceae (family) | Tissue | 0.01 | <0.005 | <0.005 | 0.01 |
Klebsiella oxytoca | Tissue | <0.005b | <0.005b | <0.005b | <0.005b |
ND, not detected.
The taxonomic rank is provided in parentheses only if the species information is not defined in the reference. Oral bacteria are defined per the following criteria: 1) bacteria identified as a constituent of the oral microbiome by the Human Oral Microbiome Database (Escapa et al. 2018) and 2) bacteria having higher abundance in the oral tissues than in the gut samples. The percentage abundance in the saliva, gingiva, buccal mucosa, and stool in healthy individuals, based on the NIH Human Microbiome Project (HMP1), is shown. In addition, some bacteria that were previously reported as bacteria involved in oral pathology are listed as possible oral bacteria even if they do not meet criterion 2. References are provided in Appendix Table 1.
Amplicon sequence variants also match some other taxa (likely in the same genus).