Figure 6. Adiponectin signaling modulates hypothalamic appetite regulation in male mice.
(A) Transient upregulation of Bmal1-luc activity in non-synchronized N44 cells after adiponectin (Adn) treatment. Shown are averages ± SEM of 3 traces each. (B–H) Induction of mRNA levels in N44 cells after Adn treatment and in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) after i.v. Adn injection in wild-type mice; (B) Bmal1, (C) Per1, (D) Per2, (E) Per2, (F) Rev-erb alpha, (G) Npy, (H) Agrp (n = 5 per condition). (I–K) Induction of Npy (I), Agrp (J) and Per2 (K) mRNA levels in Bmal1-deficient N44 cells after Adn treatment and in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) after i.v. Adn injection in Bmal1 knockout mice (n = 3 per condition). */**/***: p<0.05/0.01/0.001, unpaired Student’s t-test. (L) Luciferase promotor assay for Npy in HEK293T cells after transient expression of increasing doses of Clock/Bmal1 or Cry1 (n = 6–10). */***: p<0.05/0.001 vs. -/-, ###: p<0.001 vs. 40/-, 1-way ANOVA. (M) Expression of Adipor1/2 mRNA levels after shRNA-mediated knockdown of Adipor1 (blue) or Adipor2 (green) in N44 cells (n = 3 per condition). (N, O) Expression of Bmal1 (N) and Npy (O) mRNA after Adipor1/2 knockdown in N44 cells (n = 3–4 per condition). (P) Adiponectin-induced phase shift of N44/Bmal1-luc rhythms after Adipor1/2 knockdown in N44 cells (n = 4 per condition). */**/***: p<0.05/0.01/0.001 vs. Con, 1-way ANOVA. (Q) Expression of Adipor1 mRNA in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH; n = 7–10) and of ADIPOR1 protein in the arcuate nucleus (ARC; inset; n = 6–9) after shRNA-mediated viral knockdown of Adipor1. (R, S) Daily (LD; R) and circadian (DD; S) food intake profiles of mice after shRNA-mediated viral knockdown of Adipor1 in the MBH (KD) and of scramble-AAV treated control animals (Con) (n = 9–13 per group). (T) Relative light phase food intake in LD (left) and rest phase food intake in DD (right) in Adipor1-KD animals (KD) and controls (Con) (n = 9–13 per group). */**/***: p<0.05/0.01/0.001 vs. Con, unpaired Student’s t-test (Q, T) or 2-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons (R, S). All data are averages ± SEM. Box plots show medians, quartiles and min/max. p-values: (B) 0.0084 (N44, +/- Adn), 0.0309 (MBH, +/- Adn); (G) < 0.001 (N44, +/- Adn and MBH, +/- Adn); (H) 0.0002 (N44, +/- Adn), 0.0059 (MBH, +/- Adn); (L) 0.019 (10 /- vs. -/-),<0.001 (20 /- and 40 /- vs. -/-),<0.001 (40/12, 40/25 and 40/50 vs. 40/-), ANOVA dF = F(7, 51)=15.63; (M) < 0.001 (Adipor1 KD, Adipor1 and Adipor2 vs. control and Adipor2 KD, Adipor2), ANOVA dF = F(4, 10)=68.39; (N) 0.002 (Adipor1 KD vs. control),<0.001 (Adipor2 KD and Adipor1/2 KD vs. control), ANOVA dF = F(3, 10)=68.50; (O) 0.010 (Adipor1 KD vs. control), 0.005 (Adipor2 KD vs. control), 0.016 (Adipor1/2 KD vs. control), ANOVA dF = F(3, 8)=31.95; (P) < 0.001 (Adipor1 KD and Adipor1/2 KD vs. Con), ANOVA dF = F(3, 12)=25.72; (Q) 0.006 (mRNA) and <0.001 (protein), unpaired Student’s t-test; (R) 0.037 (KD vs. Con, ZT12-18), ANOVA dF = F(3, 54)=2.359 (interaction)/37.82 (time)/0.56 (knockdown); (S) 0.002 (KD vs. Con, ZT12-18), ANOVA dF = F(3, 66)=5.337 (interaction)/87.32 (time)/1.43 (knockdown); (T) 0.0454 (LD, Con vs. KD) and 0.0199 (DD, Con vs. KD), unpaired Student’s t-test.

