Table 1.
List of all features extracted from raw LGE-MRI images and imaging-based simulation results.
| Feature Category | Feature Description | Included in classifier (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Inductive SimAF | nRD+MAT within N most predictive anatomical regions | 100% |
| nRD within N most predictive anatomical regions | 20% | |
| nMAT within N most predictive anatomical regions | ||
| Mean pRD+MAT per anatomical region which induced RD or MAT localized to single most predictive anatomical region | ||
| Mean pRD per anatomical region which induced RD localized to single most predictive anatomical region | ||
| Mean pMAT per anatomical region which induced which induce MAT localized to single most predictive anatomical region | ||
| Mean pRD+MAT per anatomical region which induced RD or MAT localized to any of N most predictive anatomical regions | 10% | |
| Mean pRD per anatomical region which induced RD localized to any of N most predictive anatomical regions | 10% | |
| Mean pMAT per anatomical region which induced MAT localized to any of N most predictive anatomical regions | 10% | |
| pRD+MAT within P most predictive anatomical regions | 20% | |
| pRD within P most predictive anatomical regions | ||
| pMAT within P most predictive anatomical regions | ||
| pRD+MAT within P most predictive anatomical regions that induce RD or MAT localized to any of N most predictive reentry locations | 40% | |
| pRD within P most predictive anatomical regions that induce RD localized to any of N most predictive RD locations | ||
| pMAT within P most predictive anatomical regions that induce MAT localized to any of N most predictive MAT locations | 10% | |
| Deductive SimAF | pRD+MAT (all pacing locations) | |
| pRD (all pacing locations) | ||
| nRD (all locations) | ||
| nMAT (all locations) | ||
| nRD localized to PV region | ||
| nRD localized outside PV region | ||
| nMAT localized outside PV region | ||
| pRD that lead to RDs outside PV region (all pacing locations) | ||
| nRD+MAT (all locations) | ||
| nRD / pRD (number of RDs per inducible pacing site) | ||
| Imaging | Ratio of fibrotic tissue to entire atrial myocardium | |
| Ratio of fibrotic tissue to non-fibrotic tissue | ||
| Fibrosis entropy | ||
| Difference in ratio of FD of fibrosis between 13 to 23 voxels and 23 to 43 voxels | 10% | |
| Difference in ratio of FD of fibrosis between 23 to 43 voxels and 43 to 83 voxels | ||
| Difference in ratio of FD of fibrosis between 43 to 83 voxels and 83 to 163 voxels | ||
| Difference in ratio of FD of fibrosis between 83 to 163 voxels and 163 to 323 voxels | 10% | |
| Difference in ratio of FD of fibrosis between 163 to 323 voxels and 323 to 643 voxels | ||
| Difference in ratio of FD of fibrosis between 323 to 643 voxels and 643 to 1283 voxels | ||
| Difference in ratio of FD of fibrosis between 643 to 1283 voxels and 1283 to 2563 voxels |
Features extracted for each patient from raw LGE-MRI images and imaging-based simulation results and the frequency with which each feature was selected for inclusion in the ML classifier. 10 outer loops of cross validation were performed; for example, 100% indicates that the feature was among the most predictive in all 10 outer loops. machine learning (ML), simulations of atrial fibrillation induction (SimAF), reentrant driver (RD), macro-reentrant tachycardia (MAT), number of RD and MAT observed (nRD+MAT), number of RD observed (nRD), number of MAT observed (nMAT), proportion of pacing sites that led to RD or MAT (pRD+MAT), proportion of pacing sites that led to RD (pRD), proportion of pacing sites that led to MAT (pMAT), pulmonary vein (PV), fractal dimension (FD)