Table 1.
Prepregnancy maternal characteristics in women with type 1 diabetes over 14 years of follow-up.
| Overall cohorta n = 700 | 2004–2008 n = 214 | 2009–2012 n = 215 | 2013–2017 n = 271 | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) (n = 679) | 31.7 ± 5.2 | 31.9 ± 5.4 | 32.0 ± 5.5 | 31.3 ± 4.7 | P = 0.19 |
| White ethnicity (n = 700) | 601 (85.8) | 184 (85.9%) | 182 (84.6%) | 235 (86.7%) | P = 0.80 |
| Primiparous (n = 695) | 368 (52.9%) | 112 (52.3%) | 119 (56.4%) | 137 (50.7%) | P = 0.67 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (n = 577) | 26.74 ± 5.3 | 26.45 ± 5.13 | 26.64 ± 4.99 | 26.99 ± 5.54 | P = 0.31 |
| Obesityb (n = 577) | 117 (20.2%) | 26 (16.8%) | 35 (20.6%) | 56 (22.2%) | P = 0.19 |
| Pump use (n = 652) | 405 (62.1%) | 83 (50.0%) | 125 (58.1%) | 197 (72.7%) | P < 0.001 |
| CGM use (n = 652) | 111 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (2.2%) | 106 (39.9%) | P < 0.001 |
| Nephropathyc (n = 597) | 16 (3%) | 9 (4.8%) | 7 (4.1%) | 0 (0%) | P = 0.002 |
Data are counts (percentages) or means ± SD. P values were calculated for trend.
CGM continuous glucose monitoring.
aAcross all time periods. Analysis of 700 pregnancies in 512 women. Numbers may not sum up to 700 due to missing data on maternal characteristics.
bObesity defined as BMI ≥ 30.
cNephropathy defined as albumin–creatinine ratio ≥300.